Paleolithic nutrition for metabolic syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: Paleolithic nutrition, which has attracted substantial public attention lately because of its putative health benefits, differs radically from dietary patterns currently recommended in guidelines, particularly in terms of its recommendation to exclude grains, dairy, and nutritional products of industry. Objective: We evaluated whether a Paleolithic nutritional pattern improves risk factors for chronic disease more than do other dietary interventions. Design: We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the Paleolithic nutritional pattern with any other dietary pattern in participants with one or more of the 5 components of metabolic syndrome. Two reviewers independently extracted study data and assessed risk of bias. Outcome data were extracted from the first measurement time point (#6 mo). A random-effects model was used to estimate the average intervention effect. The quality of the evidence was rated with the use of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Results: Four RCTs that involved 159 participants were included. The 4 control diets were based on distinct national nutrition guidelines but were broadly similar. Paleolithic nutrition resulted in greater short-term improvements than did the control diets (random-effects model) for waist circumference (mean difference: 22.38 cm; 95% CI: 24.73, 20.04 cm), triglycerides (20.40 mmol/L; 95% CI: 20.76, 20.04 mmol/L), systolic blood pressure (23.64 mm Hg; 95% CI: 27.36, 0.08 mm Hg), diastolic blood pressure (22.48 mm Hg; 95% CI: 24.98, 0.02 mm Hg), HDL cholesterol (0.12 mmol/L; 95% CI: 20.03, 0.28 mmol/L), and fasting blood sugar (20.16 mmol/L; 95% CI: 20.44, 0.11 mmol/L). The quality of the evidence for each of the 5 metabolic components was moderate. The home-delivery (n = 1) and dietary recommendation (n = 3) RCTs showed similar effects with the exception of greater improvements in triglycerides relative to the control with the home delivery. None of the RCTs evaluated an improvement in quality of life. Conclusions: The Paleolithic diet resulted in greater short-term improvements in metabolic syndrome components than did guidelinebased control diets. The available data warrant additional evaluations of the health benefits of Paleolithic nutrition. This systematic review was registered at PROSPERO (www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO) as CRD42014015119.Am J Clin Nutr 2015;102:922-32.

Proceedings of the 5th annual symposium of the German Society for Paleo Nutrition held in 2017

“…In total, only two subjects were reported to experience side effects (abdominal pain in one case [37], dizziness and fatigue in another [35]). In the RCTs, metabolic health parameters improved more in the Paleolithic diet groups than in controls; a meta-analysis using four of these studies with 159 participants revealed significantly greater short-term improvements in waist circumference, triglycerides, blood pressure, HDL cholesterol and fasting blood glucose [38]. In patients with autoimmune diseases, multimodal interventions involving modified Paleolithic diet versions were able to achieve beneficial effects in the majority of subjects.…”

Модифікація Способу Життя Та Дієтичне Харчування Хворих На Артеріальну Гіпертензію У поєднанні З Цукровим Діабетом: Рекомендації Європейських Консенсусів Та Реалії Життя (Огляд Літератури)

“…Сахарин та ацесульфам не рекомендують при хворобах печінки та нирок. Фруктозу та сорбіт не слід вживати понад 30-40 г на добу, оскільки вони підвищують рівень глікемії та чинять проносну дію [85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92].…”

Paleonutrition-Salvation or Fantasy?

“…Some studies found short term improvements in metabolic syndrome components than did guideline-based diet [30,31], some studies found that the Mediterranean diet has same effects [32]. The Paleolithic diet is based on foods presumed to be available to prehistoric humans.…”