The double burden of malnutrition in SE Asia and the Pacific: priorities, policies and politics

Haddad, Lawrence; Cameron, Lisa; Barnett, Inka

doi:10.1093/heapol/czu110

Cited by 100 publications

(113 citation statements)

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“…Like other developing regions, South Asian countries are also facing a double burden of malnutrition ( Haddad et al , 2015) [ Figure 5]. In 2000, 44% of the burden of disease in this region measured in disability adjusted life years (DALYs) was attributed to non-communicable diseases ( Basnyat & Rajapaksa, 2004).…”

Section: Epidemiological Transition In South Asia and The Burden Of Ncdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition transition in South Asia: the emergence of non-communicable chronic diseases

Bishwajit

2015

F1000Res

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Overview: South Asian countries have experienced a remarkable economic growth during last two decades along with subsequent transformation in social, economic and food systems. Rising disposable income levels continue to drive the nutrition transition characterized by a shift from a traditional high-carbohydrate, low-fat diets towards diets with a lower carbohydrate and higher proportion of saturated fat, sugar and salt. Steered by various transitions in demographic, economic and nutritional terms, South Asian population are experiencing a rapidly changing disease profile. While the healthcare systems have long been striving to disentangle from the vicious cycle of poverty and undernutrition, South Asian countries are now confronted with an emerging epidemic of obesity and a constellation of other non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This dual burden is bringing about a serious health and economic conundrum and is generating enormous pressure on the already overstretched healthcare system of South Asian countries. Objectives: The Nutrition transition has been a very popular topic in the field of human nutrition during last few decades and many countries and broad geographic regions have been studied. However there is no review on this topic in the context of South Asia as yet. The main purpose of this review is to highlight the factors accounting for the onset of nutrition transition and its subsequent impact on epidemiological transition in five major South Asian countries including Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Special emphasis was given on India and Bangladesh as they together account for 94% of the regional population and about half world’s malnourished population. Methods: This study is literature based. Main data sources were published research articles obtained through an electronic medical databases search.

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Section: Epidemiological Transition In South Asia and The Burden Of Ncdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition transition in South Asia: the emergence of non-communicable chronic diseases

Bishwajit

2015

F1000Res

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“…Adequate maternal nutrition during the “first 1,000 days” is especially critical from conception through the first 6 months of life to improve the nutritional status of the woman and infant and reduce the risk of adverse birth outcomes, such as low birthweight and preterm birth (Barker et al, ; Black et al, , ; Haddad, Cameron, & Barnett, ; Özaltin, Hill, & Subramanian, ; Ramakrishnan, Grant, Goldenberg, Zongrone, & Martorell, ; Shrimpton, ; United States Agency for International Development [USAID], ). Data from 62 studies in low‐ and middle‐income countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean found inadequate micronutrient intakes and little dietary diversity among pregnant and lactating women who consumed predominately plant‐based diets (Lee, Talegawkar, Merialdi, & Caulfield, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing barriers to maternal nutrition in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A review of the evidence and programme implications

Kavle

Landry

2017

Maternal & Child Nutrition

129

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Adequate maternal nutrition during the “first 1,000 days” window is critical from conception through the first 6 months of life to improve nutritional status and reduce the risk of poor birth outcomes, such as low birthweight and preterm birth. Unfortunately, many programmes have targeted implementation and monitoring of nutrition interventions to infants and young children, rather than to women during pregnancy or post‐partum. A literature review was conducted to identify barriers to food choice and consumption during pregnancy and lactation and to examine how low‐ and middle‐income countries have addressed maternal nutrition in programmes. A literature review of peer‐reviewed and grey literature was conducted, and titles and abstracts reviewed by authors. Twenty‐three studies were included in this review. Barriers to adequate nutrition during pregnancy included cultural beliefs related to knowledge of quantity of food to eat during pregnancy, amount of weight to gain during pregnancy, and “eating down” during pregnancy for fear of delivering a large baby. Foods considered inappropriate for consumption during pregnancy or lactation contributed to food restriction. Drivers of food choice were influenced by food aversions, economic constraints, and household food availability. Counselling on maternal diet and weight gain during pregnancy was seldom carried out. Programming to support healthy maternal diet and gestational weight gain during pregnancy is scant. Tailored, culturally resonant nutrition education and counselling on diet during pregnancy and lactation and weight gain during pregnancy, as well as monitoring of progress in maternal nutrition, are areas of needed attention.

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“…China is one of the world’s most economically dynamic nations with complex lifestyles, dietary patterns and nutrition transitions. Thus it has a double burden of both undernutrition and overnutrition, which is drawing more and more attention [3, 4]. It is worth noting that both micronutrient malnutrition and obesity have long-term influence on growth development and health of children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary diversity scores: an indicator of micronutrient inadequacy instead of obesity for Chinese children

et al. 2017

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BackgroundMicronutrient malnutrition affects the well-being of both adults and children. Dietary diversity score (DDS) is a useful evaluation index with a relatively well-developed guideline by FAO. It’s meaningful to assess and predict inadequate micronutrient intakes using DDS in Chinese children, after ruling out the risk of obesity coming with more dietary diversity.MethodsData for evaluation were extracted from the Nutrition Study of Preschool Children and School Children, which is a cross-sectional study covering 8 cities of China, including 1694 children in kindergartens and primary schools. This study applied DDS to Chinese children to test the validity for micronutrient inadequacy, and then explored the relationship between dietary diversity and obesity.ResultsIt reveals that dietary diversity varied with age and place of residence; the older ones and the ones living in rural areas tend to have poorer dietary diversity. Another discovery is that DDS is positively correlated with indicators of micronutrient adequacy, with a score of 6–8 indicating the lowest risk of micronutrient inadequacy in different groups of children. In our study population, dietary diversity is not related with obesity.ConclusionsDietary diversity score is a valid indicator to evaluate micronutrient inadequacy in Chinese children, though there is still room for improvement of the method. Besides, the relationship between increase of dietary diversity and risk of obesity should be treated circumspectly.

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The double burden of malnutrition in SE Asia and the Pacific: priorities, policies and politics

Cited by 100 publications

References 35 publications

Nutrition transition in South Asia: the emergence of non-communicable chronic diseases

Nutrition transition in South Asia: the emergence of non-communicable chronic diseases

Addressing barriers to maternal nutrition in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A review of the evidence and programme implications

Dietary diversity scores: an indicator of micronutrient inadequacy instead of obesity for Chinese children

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