Frequency of Depression and its Correlation with Serum Carnitine Level in HIV/AIDS Patients

Rezaee, Haleh; Khalili, Hossein; Hatamkhani, Shima; Dashti‐Khavidaki, Simin; Khazaeipour, Zahra

doi:10.2174/1570162x11311030007

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Cassol et al ( 45 ) found decreased monoamine metabolites (phenylacetate, 4-hydroxyphenylacetate) and ACs (C3:0, iso C4:0, iso C5:0, 2-methyl C4:0) in plasma distinguished depressed subjects from controls in HIV-positive and HIV-negative cohorts, and these alterations were correlated with the severity of depression. However, a study showed that no significant correlation was found between depression and serum carnitine level as well as dietary carnitine intake ( 46 ). In view of the conflicting results presented above, future research should be conducted in larger samples.…”

Section: Carnitine and Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carnitine and Depression

et al. 2022

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Depression has become one of the most common mental diseases in the world, but the understanding of its pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatments remains insufficient. Carnitine is a natural substance that exists in organisms, which can be synthesized in vivo or supplemented by intake. Relationships of carnitine with depression, bipolar disorder and other mental diseases have been reported in different studies. Several studies show that the level of acylcarnitines (ACs) changes significantly in patients with depression compared with healthy controls while the supplementation of acetyl-L-carnitine is beneficial to the treatment of depression. In this review, we aimed to clarify the effects of ACs in depressive patients and to explore whether ACs might be the biomarkers for the diagnosis of depression and provide new ideas to treat depression.

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Section: Carnitine and Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carnitine and Depression

et al. 2022

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“…In this systematic review, 591 cross-sectional studies were included, 483 from international databases, 77 from national databases, and 30 from the reference lists of the selected studies, and 1 through contacting the authors. Finally, after removing duplicated studies and checking the eligibility criteria, 9 cross-sectional studies ( 13 , 18 - 22 , 27 - 29 ) were included in the review ( Fig. 1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, several cross-sectional studies have estimated the prevalence of depression among these patients. According to the results of these studies, the prevalence of depression has been reported to be 53% to 85% ( 13 , 18 - 22 ), therefore, there is no universal consensus about the prevalence of depression among these patients in Iran. This systematic review aimed at estimating the overall prevalence of depression among Iranian patients with HIV and AIDS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of depression in people with HIV and AIDS in Iran: A systematic review

Doosti-Irani

Moameri

Gharaei

et al. 2017

Med. J. Islam. Republic Iran

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Background: Depression is the most common mental disorder in individuals with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA), and comorbidity with depression exacerbates the disease. Several studies have estimated the prevalence of depression in HIV and AIDS patients so far, but there is no consensus about the prevalence of depression among these patients. Thus, we aimed at estimating the overall prevalence of depression among Iranian PLWHA. Methods: The international and national databases including Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, Science Direct, MagIran, Scientific Information Database (SID), IranMedex, and Medlib were searched until June 2016. The quality of included studies was assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: Out of 591 references, 9 cross-sectional studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. The lowest and highest reported prevalence of depression among people with HIV was 22% (95% CI: (11, 33)) and 76% (95% CI: (71, 81)), respectively. Prevalence of depression in people with HIV in the north, west, and south of Iran was 45% (95% CI: (23, 67)), 30% (95% CI: (15, 45)), and 56% (95% CI: (35, 77)), respectively. Prevalence of depression among addict and non-addict patients was 25% (95% CI: (21, 30)) and 58% (95% CI: (40, 77)), respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of this systematic review, the prevalence of depression is considerable among Iranian PLWHA. Prevalence in the southern regions of Iran is more than the western and northern regions of Iran. This evidence may be useful for Iranian health policymakers to design suitable preventive and therapeutic interventions in PLWHA to prevent and control depression among these people in Iran

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“…Failure to adjust can in turn lead to clinical depression, anxiety, stress, and poor coping (Vanable 2006). Particularly, the prevalence of depression and suicide in people living with HIV/AIDS is very high (Cooperman 2005; Rezaee 2013; Bhatia 2014; Anagnostopoulos 2015). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial group interventions to improve psychological well-being in adults living with HIV

Heijden

Abrahams

Sinclair

2017

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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BackgroundBeing diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and labelled with a chronic, life-threatening, and often stigmatizing disease, can impact on a person's well-being. Psychosocial group interventions aim to improve life-functioning and coping as individuals adjust to the diagnosis.ObjectivesTo examine the effectiveness of psychosocial group interventions for improving the psychological well-being of adults living with HIV/AIDS.Search methodsWe searched the following electronic databases up to 14 March 2016: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) published in the Cochrane Library (Issue 2, 2016), PubMed (MEDLINE) (1996 to 14 March 2016), Embase (1996 to 14 March 2016), and Clinical Trials.gov.Selection criteriaRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs that compared psychosocial group interventions with versus control (standard care or brief educational interventions), with at least three months follow-up post-intervention. We included trials that reported measures of depression, anxiety, stress, or coping using standardized scales.Data collection and analysisTwo review authors independently screened abstracts, applied the inclusion criteria, and extracted data. We compared continuous outcomes using mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), and pooled data using a random-effects model. When the included trials used different measurement scales, we pooled data using standardized mean difference (SMD) values. We reported trials that we could not include in the meta analysis narratively in the text. We assessed the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach.Main resultsWe included 16 trials (19 articles) that enrolled 2520 adults living with HIV. All the interventions were multifaceted and included a mix of psychotherapy, relaxation, group support, and education. The included trials were conducted in the USA (12 trials), Canada (one trial), Switzerland (one trial), Uganda (one trial), and South Africa (one trial), and published between 1996 and 2016. Ten trials recruited men and women, four trials recruited homosexual men, and two trials recruited women only. Interventions were conducted with groups of four to 15 people, for 90 to 135 minutes, every week for up to 12 weeks. All interventions were conducted face-to-face except two, which were delivered by telephone. All were delivered by graduate or postgraduate trained health, psychology, or social care professionals except one that used a lay community health worker and two that used trained mindfulness practitioners.Group-based psychosocial interventions based on cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) may have a small effect on measures of depression, and this effect may last for up to 15 months after participation in the group sessions (SMD −0.26, 95% CI −0.42 to −0.10; 1139 participants, 10 trials, low certainty evidence). Most trials used the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), which has a maximum score of 63, and the mean score in the intervention groups was around 1.4 points lower at the end o...

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Frequency of Depression and its Correlation with Serum Carnitine Level in HIV/AIDS Patients

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Carnitine and Depression

Carnitine and Depression

Prevalence of depression in people with HIV and AIDS in Iran: A systematic review

Psychosocial group interventions to improve psychological well-being in adults living with HIV

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