2‐Pyrrolidone

Abstract

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. 2‐Pyrrolidone 3. N ‐Methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone 4. N ‐Vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone 5. Other Pyrrolidone Derivatives 6. Toxicology and Occupational Health

Facile Preparation of N-Alkyl-2-pyrrolidones in a Continuous-Flow Microreactor

“…The model represents the data reasonably well, with errors of ±10%, which confirmed that it can effectively guide the preparation of NMP/NEP. In addition to NMP and NEP, the other N -alkyl-2-pyrrolidones, including N -octyl-2-pyrrolidone, N -dodecyl-2-pyrrolidone, and N -(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone, are of practical application value . The kinetic model proposed in this paper can be well applied to their syntheses processes if the reactions are well consistent with the hypotheses adopted in this kinetic model.…”

Facile Preparation of N-Alkyl-2-pyrrolidones in a Continuous-Flow Microreactor

“…The model represents the data reasonably well, with errors of ±10%, which confirmed that it can effectively guide the preparation of NMP/NEP. In addition to NMP and NEP, the other N -alkyl-2-pyrrolidones, including N -octyl-2-pyrrolidone, N -dodecyl-2-pyrrolidone, and N -(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone, are of practical application value . The kinetic model proposed in this paper can be well applied to their syntheses processes if the reactions are well consistent with the hypotheses adopted in this kinetic model.…”

Changes of various quality characteristics and aroma compounds of astragalus honey obtained from different altitudes of Adana‐Turkey

“…Volatile nitrogenous compounds can be found in honey samples (Moreira & de María, 2005); in some cases, these compounds can reach 21.7% of the total volatile compounds (Kaškonienė Venskutonis, & Ceksteryte, 2008). Among these compounds, γ‐butyrolactam is a volatile compound formed as a result of the interaction of γ‐butyrolactone with ammonia at high temperatures (Harreus et al., 2011). γ‐butyrolactam was detected only in honey samples obtained from the altitudes of 620 and 1,050 m, but not in honey samples gathered from an altitude of 1,700 m. The amount of this compound was found to be 94.64 µg/kg in the honey sample obtained from an altitude of 620 m and 33.11 µg/kg in the honey sample gathered from an altitude of 1,050 m. As can be seen, as the altitude increased, the amount of γ‐butyrolactam decreased.…”

Iron-Catalyzed Meerwein Carbooxygenation of Electron-Rich Olefins: Studies with Styrenes, Vinyl Pyrrolidinone, and Vinyl Oxazolidinone

“…Vinyl pyrrolidinone, a readily available and inexpensive olefin used in a number of studies aiming at the development of new synthetic methods, was then chosen as a viable substrate for the Fe-catalyzed carbooxygenations. 11…”

“…Having established a successful Fe­(II)-catalyzed route to the carbooxygenation reaction of styrenes, we then sought to evaluate the generality of our protocol with other olefins. Vinyl pyrrolidinone, a readily available and inexpensive olefin used in a number of studies aiming at the development of new synthetic methods, was then chosen as a viable substrate for the Fe-catalyzed carbooxygenations …”

Facile Preparation of N-Alkyl-2-pyrrolidones in a Continuous-Flow Microreactor

“…The model represents the data reasonably well, with errors of ±10%, which confirmed that it can effectively guide the preparation of NMP/NEP. In addition to NMP and NEP, the other N -alkyl-2-pyrrolidones, including N -octyl-2-pyrrolidone, N -dodecyl-2-pyrrolidone, and N -(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone, are of practical application value . The kinetic model proposed in this paper can be well applied to their syntheses processes if the reactions are well consistent with the hypotheses adopted in this kinetic model.…”

Changes of various quality characteristics and aroma compounds of astragalus honey obtained from different altitudes of Adana‐Turkey

“…Volatile nitrogenous compounds can be found in honey samples (Moreira & de María, 2005); in some cases, these compounds can reach 21.7% of the total volatile compounds (Kaškonienė Venskutonis, & Ceksteryte, 2008). Among these compounds, γ‐butyrolactam is a volatile compound formed as a result of the interaction of γ‐butyrolactone with ammonia at high temperatures (Harreus et al., 2011). γ‐butyrolactam was detected only in honey samples obtained from the altitudes of 620 and 1,050 m, but not in honey samples gathered from an altitude of 1,700 m. The amount of this compound was found to be 94.64 µg/kg in the honey sample obtained from an altitude of 620 m and 33.11 µg/kg in the honey sample gathered from an altitude of 1,050 m. As can be seen, as the altitude increased, the amount of γ‐butyrolactam decreased.…”

Iron-Catalyzed Meerwein Carbooxygenation of Electron-Rich Olefins: Studies with Styrenes, Vinyl Pyrrolidinone, and Vinyl Oxazolidinone

“…Vinyl pyrrolidinone, a readily available and inexpensive olefin used in a number of studies aiming at the development of new synthetic methods, was then chosen as a viable substrate for the Fe-catalyzed carbooxygenations. 11…”

“…Having established a successful Fe­(II)-catalyzed route to the carbooxygenation reaction of styrenes, we then sought to evaluate the generality of our protocol with other olefins. Vinyl pyrrolidinone, a readily available and inexpensive olefin used in a number of studies aiming at the development of new synthetic methods, was then chosen as a viable substrate for the Fe-catalyzed carbooxygenations …”

Facile Preparation of N-Alkyl-2-pyrrolidones in a Continuous-Flow Microreactor

“…The model represents the data reasonably well, with errors of ±10%, which confirmed that it can effectively guide the preparation of NMP/NEP. In addition to NMP and NEP, the other N -alkyl-2-pyrrolidones, including N -octyl-2-pyrrolidone, N -dodecyl-2-pyrrolidone, and N -(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone, are of practical application value . The kinetic model proposed in this paper can be well applied to their syntheses processes if the reactions are well consistent with the hypotheses adopted in this kinetic model.…”

Changes of various quality characteristics and aroma compounds of astragalus honey obtained from different altitudes of Adana‐Turkey

“…Volatile nitrogenous compounds can be found in honey samples (Moreira & de María, 2005); in some cases, these compounds can reach 21.7% of the total volatile compounds (Kaškonienė Venskutonis, & Ceksteryte, 2008). Among these compounds, γ‐butyrolactam is a volatile compound formed as a result of the interaction of γ‐butyrolactone with ammonia at high temperatures (Harreus et al., 2011). γ‐butyrolactam was detected only in honey samples obtained from the altitudes of 620 and 1,050 m, but not in honey samples gathered from an altitude of 1,700 m. The amount of this compound was found to be 94.64 µg/kg in the honey sample obtained from an altitude of 620 m and 33.11 µg/kg in the honey sample gathered from an altitude of 1,050 m. As can be seen, as the altitude increased, the amount of γ‐butyrolactam decreased.…”

Iron-Catalyzed Meerwein Carbooxygenation of Electron-Rich Olefins: Studies with Styrenes, Vinyl Pyrrolidinone, and Vinyl Oxazolidinone

“…Vinyl pyrrolidinone, a readily available and inexpensive olefin used in a number of studies aiming at the development of new synthetic methods, was then chosen as a viable substrate for the Fe-catalyzed carbooxygenations. 11…”

“…Having established a successful Fe­(II)-catalyzed route to the carbooxygenation reaction of styrenes, we then sought to evaluate the generality of our protocol with other olefins. Vinyl pyrrolidinone, a readily available and inexpensive olefin used in a number of studies aiming at the development of new synthetic methods, was then chosen as a viable substrate for the Fe-catalyzed carbooxygenations …”