2-Amino-phenoxazine-3-one Attenuates Glucose-Induced Augmentation of Embryonic Form of Myosin Heavy Chain, Endothelin-1 and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in mRNA level of embryonic form of myosin heavy chain (SMemb), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), which are considered to be involved in the angiogenesis and atherosclerosis in diabetic blood vessels, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

2-Aminophenoxazine-3-one and 2-amino-4,4.ALPHA.-dihydro-4.ALPHA.,7-dimethyl-3H-phenoxazine-3-one cause cellular apoptosis by reducing higher intracellular pH in cancer cells

“…31) Phx-3 and Phx-1 are synthesized by the biological reactions of o -aminophenol or 2-amino-5-methylphenol with bovine hemoglobin solution or bovine erythrocytes, conform to the oxidative form, as Actinomycin D, and are relatively water-soluble. 20,21,32,33) Phx-3 is identical to questiomycin A that was identified as an antibiotic against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a streptomyces isolated from the soil in Tokyo in 1959 34) and has recently been characterized as exhibiting anticancer activity against several cancer cell lines, 24,32,33) strong antimicrobial activity against Helicobacter pylori , in vitro , 35) anti-angiogenic activity indicated by the inhibition of the expression of angiogenic factors in HUVEC treated with high concentrations of glucose, 36) and anti-inflammatory activity. 37) Phx-1 has been characterized as exerting antiviral effects against poliovirus and porcine parvovirus, 38) and antimicrobial effects against Clamydia pneumoniae , 39) along with anticancer activity against several cancer cell lines, with less efficacy than Phx-3, 26) but with far higher efficacy when treated with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL).…”

Inhibition of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 by Krueppel-Like Factor 5 Small Interfering RNA in the Tumor Necrosis Factor- .ALPHA.-Activated Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

“…26,27) We reported that the SMemb level increased in HUVECs cultured in a high concentration of glucose. 28) SMemb then may be related to the dedifferentiation and vascular remodeling in diabetic atherosclerosis. In this study, we have first shown that KLF5 inhibition reduces SMemb expression not only in smooth muscle cells but also in endothelial cells.…”

2-Aminophenoxazine-3-one Suppresses the Growth of Mouse Malignant Melanoma B16 Cells Transplanted into C57BL/6Cr Slc Mice

“…The mechanism for few adverse effects of Phx-1 and Phx-3 should await further investigation, though the various biological effects of Phx-1 and Phx-3 including antitumor activities, immunosuppressive effects and antiviral effects etc. [17][18][19][20] have been recently reported.…”