1550nm triple junction laser diode for long range LiDAR

Aboujja, Sidi; Chu, Daniel T. W.; Bean, David F.

doi:10.1117/12.2608223

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…It can drastically improve and simplify the LiDAR design compared to other laser choices such as 905nm or fiber lasers. [1] The processed chip of triple junction laser structure used in this reliability study is fabricated from the epitaxial grown wafer using the AlInGaAs/InP structure. The triple junction laser chip is made with the vertical current injection type semiconductor layers of the separate confinement heterostructure (SCH).…”

Section: Nm Triple Junction Laser Diodes Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This mounting configuration combined with the triple junction laser optimized design results in a low temperature in the active areas enabling increased laser output power at higher current densities. [1] 30 devices were visually inspected by our standard procedure and LIV tested for power and voltage at 20C, 150 ns and 0.1% duty cycle. The standard LIV test data is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Nm Triple Junction Laser Diodes Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eye-safe high-reliability triple junction laser diode for long-range rangefinder and LiDAR

Aboujja¹,

Pappas²,

Chu³

2023

Laser Technology for Defense and Security XVIII

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We have developed a proprietary Triple Junction laser diode at eye-safe 1550nm based on AlInGaAs/InP material systems for LiDAR and laser range finding applications. Three monolithic laser structures with tunnel junction layers are designed to reduce mechanical stress with superior heat dissipation. It achieves 3x output power and 2x wall plug efficiency of a single junction with low operating voltage and high slope efficiency at 1W/A. A 1550nmTriple Junction laser diode allows a LiDAR or laser rangefinder to achieve the longest detection range compared to a single junction or 905nm laser diode. Here we demonstrate the high reliability of Triple Junction high power laser diodes at 1550nm for adoption in various applications. The life test was performed on Triple Junction samples with 95μm aperture and 2.5mm cavity length in a TO9 package. They were driven at average power of 700mW in pulse width of 100 μsec and 10% duty cycle at 60°C. Such stressed electrical and thermal condition is almost 20 times higher than standard operation for automotive LiDAR. We have accumulated over 1000 hours of life test on 17 devices. Based on Arrhenius conditions the estimated MTTF (mean time to failure) is 75k hours at 20°C and 17k hours at 50°C operating temperature, which is respectively 9.3x and 2.5x more than the required 8k hours in automotive applications. We also tested Triple Junction laser diodes up to 100°C and it shows no sign of COD (catastrophic optical damage). Under a high stress CW operating condition at 5W, Triple Junction laser diodes exhibit thermal rollover but return to normal performance under pulsed operation.

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Section: Nm Triple Junction Laser Diodes Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nm Triple Junction Laser Diodes Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye-safe high-reliability triple junction laser diode for long-range rangefinder and LiDAR

Aboujja¹,

Pappas²,

Chu³

2023

Laser Technology for Defense and Security XVIII

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“…S. Aboujja et al proposed a triple junction high-power laser at wavelength of 1550 nm, which is founded on the AlInGaAs/InP material system. [70] This laser design comprises three AlInGaAs lasers that are epitaxially interconnected via two tunnel junctions, all of which are built upon an InP substrate. The triple junction structure of this laser effectively minimizes the size of the laser diode optical source while concurrently enhancing the output power.…”

Section: Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, several teams have started to develop the integration of PCSELs and LiDAR-related modules. Y. H. Hong et al first switching speed -fully integrated GaN driver [81] GaN HEMT driving circuit [97] hetero integration [65] circuit design [83] high power triple junction laser [68] tapered ridge waveguide lasers with highly asymmetric design [71] tapered diode laser amplifiers [72] multi-junction VCSEL [64] flip-chip design [73] shallow surface gratings [74][75][76] driver and circuit design [82] square-lattice structure [ 88,89,93] MOCVD regrowth [92] double-lattice structure [ 66,94,95] eye safety long wavelength [70][71][72] long-wavelength [78][79][80] buried airhole/InP photonic-crystal (PC) layer [96] chip on scale -integration [100][101][102] A composite photonic crystal structure resulting from combining both square and rectangular lattices [90] CMOS-fabricated SPAD array [98] stability -laser design with high-temperature operation [77] The photonic crystal exhibiting a flat band structure, accompanied by an additional feedback mechanism [ 103] power consumption -circuit design [83] The photonic crystal exhibiting a flat band structure, accompanied by an additional feedback mechanism [ 103] suggested a framework for influencing the light emission performance of PCSELs using a GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) driving circuit. For LiDAR sensing, a quicker pulse repetition frequency paired with a narrower pulse wid...…”

Section: Photonic Crystal Surface Emitting Lasermentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Light Detection and Ranging: Optical Modulation Solutions and Novel Nanotechnologies

Chen,

Miao,

Hong

et al. 2023

Adv Quantum Tech

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Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor is widely recognized as a critical component for accurate perception. However, there are a host of challenges that impede their performance, including low spatial resolution, high costs, large size, low reliability, and susceptibility to interference. It is challenging to overcome these issues using a single LiDAR module, necessitating the need for a review of current LiDAR technologies. The paper commences by introducing the fundamental principles of various laser rangefinders and discussing the optical modulation technologies used to prevent interference and ghost images. Next, the paper delves into the latest developments in laser technology, with a focus on enhancing the switching rate, compliance with eye safety regulations, miniaturization, and improving stability. One highly promising innovation is the photonic crystal surface emitting laser (PCSEL), a novel light source that boasts high‐speed, small divergence angles, and high‐power output. Finally, the paper discusses the advancements made in non‐solid‐state scanning and solid‐state scanning, such as improving stability, increasing scanning angles, and optimizing the manufacturing of mechanical and micro‐electromechanical systems (MEMS). Additionally, the paper highlights the recent advancements in nanotechnology, specifically metasurface technology, which offers superior capabilities such as beam deflection, enhanced field‐of‐view (FOV), and dynamic modulation.

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“…In order to achieve a larger measuring range while ensuring human eye safety, we use a Remote Sens. 2022, 14, 5260 4 of 22 1550 nm fiber laser [15]. The emitted laser beam is split into two proportional parts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Internal Angle Error of UAV LiDAR Based on Rotating Mirror Scanning

Zhou

Mao²,

Song³

et al. 2022

Remote Sensing

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UAV LiDAR is a powerful tool for rapidly acquiring ground-based 3D spatial information and has been used in various applications. In addition to the ranging mechanism, the scanning method is also an important factor, affecting the performance of UAV LiDAR, and the internal angle error of LiDAR will seriously affect its measurement accuracy. Starting from the rotary scanning model of a single-sided mirror, this paper presents a comparative study of the characteristics of 45° single-sided mirror scanning, polygon prism scanning, polygon tower mirror scanning, and wedge mirror scanning. The error sources of the quadrangular tower mirror scanning are analyzed in detail, including the angle deviation between the direction of emitted laser and the rotation axis (typical 0.13 ± 0.18° and 0.85° ± 0.26°), the angle deviation between the mirror’s reflection plane and the rotation axis, and the surface angle deviation between multiple surfaces (typical ± 0.06°). As a result, the measurement deviation caused by the internal angle error can be as high as decimeter to meter, which cannot be fully compensated by simply adjusting the installation angle between the UAV and the LiDAR. After the calibration of the internal angle error, the standard deviation of the elevation difference between the point cloud and the control point is only in the flight experiment at altitude.

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1550nm triple junction laser diode for long range LiDAR

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Eye-safe high-reliability triple junction laser diode for long-range rangefinder and LiDAR

Eye-safe high-reliability triple junction laser diode for long-range rangefinder and LiDAR

Recent Advances in Light Detection and Ranging: Optical Modulation Solutions and Novel Nanotechnologies

Analysis of Internal Angle Error of UAV LiDAR Based on Rotating Mirror Scanning

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