110x110 optical mode transfer matrix inversion

Carpenter, Joel; Eggleton, Benjamin J.; Schröder, Jochen

doi:10.1364/oe.22.000096

Cited by 147 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The discrepancy might be due to more complex mode coupling in graded-index MMF. A recent paper [18] measured the full transmission matrix of a 2 metre long graded-index MMF and indeed found coupling between all members of the mode groups and even between mode groups. Such mode coupling would be accompanied by lack of rotational symmetry of the MMF, which is indeed what we have observed; the same measured H u i is not valid for the rotated MMF.…”

Section: Mode Scrambling: Comparison To 'Free-space' Imagingmentioning

confidence: 91%

Ultra-thin rigid endoscope: two-photon imaging through a graded-index multi-mode fiber

Sivankutty¹,

Andresen²,

Cossart³

et al. 2016

Opt. Express

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Abstract:Rigid endoscopes like graded-index (GRIN) lenses are known tools in biological imaging, but it is conceptually difficult to miniaturize them. In this letter, we demonstrate an ultra-thin rigid endoscope with a diameter of only 125 µm. In addition, we identify a domain where twophoton endoscopic imaging with fs-pulse excitation is possible. We validate the ultra-thin rigid endoscope consisting of a few cm of graded-index multimode fiber by using it to acquire optically sectioned two-photon fluorescence endoscopic images of three-dimensional samples.

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Section: Mode Scrambling: Comparison To 'Free-space' Imagingmentioning

confidence: 91%

Ultra-thin rigid endoscope: two-photon imaging through a graded-index multi-mode fiber

Sivankutty¹,

Andresen²,

Cossart³

et al. 2016

Opt. Express

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“…In digital optical phase conjugation [16][17][18] such output patterns are recorded with a holographic acquisition. The transmission matrix method [19][20][21][22][23] captures the propagation characteristics of the fiber in a matrix linking the input field with the output field. Once the fiber is calibrated, a light modulator is used to shape the input wavefront sent to the fiber, so that it creates spots or other known patterns at the opposite end; these spots or patterns are used to probe the sample.…”

Section: Multimode Fiber Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible to use the theoretical modes of the fiber as input basis for this procedure [22,23], but any other set of linearly independent input patterns is equally suitable as long as it can properly describe fields entering and exiting the fiber. We chose a basis of plane waves with varying spatial frequencies (i.e.…”

Section: Transmission Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the fiber acts as a depolarizing medium for linear polarization, half of the light is lost each way. Polarization multiplexing techniques [22,23] may improve the sensitivity by allowing to process all of the light travelling through the fiber. An added benefit of polarization multiplexing would be the capability to do confocal polarization microscopy.…”

Section: Contrast Enhancement Sectioning and Image Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Digital confocal microscopy through a multimode fiber

Loterie¹,

Farahi²,

Papadopoulos³

et al. 2015

Opt. Express

147

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Acquiring high-contrast optical images deep inside biological tissues is still a challenging problem. Confocal microscopy is an important tool for biomedical imaging since it improves image quality by rejecting background signals. However, it suffers from low sensitivity in deep tissues due to light scattering. Recently, multimode fibers have provided a new paradigm for minimally invasive endoscopic imaging by controlling light propagation through them. Here we introduce a combined imaging technique where confocal images are acquired through a multimode fiber. We achieve this by digitally engineering the excitation wavefront and then applying a virtual digital pinhole on the collected signal. In this way, we are able to acquire images through the fiber with significantly increased contrast. With a fiber of numerical aperture 0.22, we achieve a lateral resolution of 1.5µm, and an axial resolution of 12.7µm. The point-scanning rate is currently limited by our spatial light modulator (20Hz). wide-field endoscopic imaging by using a single multimode optical fiber," Phys.

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“…In particular the fast switching of beams with spatially varying and arbitrarily controllable intensity, phase and polarisation can be used to speed up the measurement of the transmission characteristics of turbid media, helping to transform complex multiple scattering environments into precise optical components [8,9]. In addition to phase modulation, the manipulation of polarisation is essential to fully control the propagation of light through multiply scattering environments [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-speed spatial control of the intensity, phase and polarisation of vector beams using a digital micro-mirror device

et al. 2016

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Abstract:The dynamic spatial control of light fields is essential to a range of applications, from microscopy to optical micro-manipulation and communications. Here we describe the use of a single digital micro-mirror device (DMD) to generate and rapidly switch vector beams with spatially controllable intensity, phase and polarisation. We demonstrate local spatial control over linear, elliptical and circular polarisation, allowing the generation of radially and azimuthally polarised beams and Poincaré beams. All of these can be switched at rates of up to 4kHz (limited only by our DMD model), a rate ∼2 orders of magnitude faster than the switching speeds of typical phase-only spatial light modulators. The polarisation state of the generated beams is characterised with spatially resolved Stokes measurements. We also describe detail of technical considerations when using a DMD, and quantify the mode capacity and efficiency of the beam generation. The high-speed switching capabilities of this method will be particularly useful for the control of light propagation through complex media such as multimode fibers, where rapid spatial modulation of intensity, phase and polarisation is required. Alfano et al., "4 × 20 gbit/s mode division multiplexing over free space using vector modes and a q-plate mode (de) multiplexer," Opt. Lett. 40, 1980Lett. 40, -1983Lett. 40, (2015. 8. S. Popoff, G. Lerosey, R. Carminati, M. Fink, A. Boccara, and S. Gigan, "Measuring the transmission matrix in optics: an approach to the study and control of light propagation in disordered media," Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 100601 (2010). 9. S. Bianchi and R. Di Leonardo, "A multi-mode fiber probe for holographic micromanipulation and microscopy," Lab Chip 12, 635-639 (2012). 10. T.Čižmár and K. Dholakia, "Exploiting multimode waveguides for pure fibre-based imaging," Nat. Commun. 3, 1027Commun. 3, (2012. 11. J. Carpenter, B. J. Eggleton, and J. Schröder, "110x110 optical mode transfer matrix inversion," Opt. Express 22, 96-101 (2014). 12. C. Maurer, A. Jesacher, S. Bernet, and M. Ritsch-Marte, "What spatial light modulators can do for optical microscopy,"Laser Photon. Rev. 5, 81-101 (2011 728-735 (2015). 33. W.-H. Lee, "Binary computer-generated holograms," Appl. Opt. 18, 3661-3669 (1979) 34. J. Courtial, "Self-imaging beams and the guoy effect," Opt. Commun. 151, 1-4 (1998). 35. R. Dorn, S. Quabis, and G. Leuchs, "Sharper focus for a radially polarized light beam," Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 233901 (2003). 36. L. Allen, M. W. Beijersbergen, R. Spreeuw, and J. Woerdman, "Orbital angular momentum of light and the transformation of laguerre-gaussian laser modes," Phys. Rev. A 45, 8185 (1992). 37. E. Galvez, P. Crawford, H. Sztul, M. Pysher, P. Haglin, and R. Williams, "Geometric phase associated with mode transformations of optical beams bearing orbital angular momentum," Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 203901 (2003). 38. J. Dyment, "Hermite-gaussian mode patterns in GaAs junction lasers," Appl. Phys. Lett. 10, 84-86 (1967). 39. T.Čižmár, M. Mazilu, and K. Dh...

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110x110 optical mode transfer matrix inversion

Abstract: The largest complete mode transfer matrix of a fiber is measured consisting of 110 spatial and polarization modes. This matrix is then inverted and the pattern required to produce a desired output at the receiver are launched at the transmitter.

Cited by 147 publications

References 4 publications

Ultra-thin rigid endoscope: two-photon imaging through a graded-index multi-mode fiber

Ultra-thin rigid endoscope: two-photon imaging through a graded-index multi-mode fiber

Digital confocal microscopy through a multimode fiber

High-speed spatial control of the intensity, phase and polarisation of vector beams using a digital micro-mirror device

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