Antiviral activity of Brazilian Green Propolis extract against SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - Coronavirus 2) infection: case report and review

Fiorini, Ana Cláudia; Almeida, Antônio-Carlos G. de; Fonseca, Marcelo Cunio Machado; Finsterer, Josef; Fonseca, Fernando L. A.; Scorza, Fúlvio A.

doi:10.6061/clinics/2021/e2357

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…1 ). Nine studies were in silico studies [7,8,16,25 − 30], while three studies were case reports or case series [18] , [31] , [32] , and the other three studies were RCTs [17] , [33] , [34] . Of the nine in silico studies, two studies determined the effect of propolis against SARS-CoV-2 angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) [7] , [8] , six studies used SARS-CoV-2 main protease enzyme as the target enzyme [16,25 − 29], two studies used SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase as the target enzyme [16] , [29] , three studies focused on spike protein subunit one [16] , [27] , [30] , and one study focused on spike protein subunit two [25] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the clinical studies, two were case reports [31] , [32] , while one was a case series [18] . The case reports followed the use of commercial propolis for COVID-19 treatment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study clearly described the patient’s demographic characteristics, diagnostic tests, assessment methods, and the treatment outcomes. Another case report was assessed as being of fair quality [31] . The study did not sufficiently provide patient’s history and clear takeaway lessons (Supplementary file Table S3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two case reports and one case series were identified in our literature search [18] , [31] , [32] . The case of a 52-year-old female patient with mild COVID-19 was reported in Brazil [31] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential effects of propolis and honey in COVID-19 prevention and treatment: A systematic review of in silico and clinical studies

Dilokthornsakul

Kosiyaporn

Wuttipongwaragon

et al. 2022

Journal of Integrative Medicine

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Background Propolis and honey have been studied as alternative treatments for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, no study has yet summarized the full body of evidence for the use of propolis and honey in COVID-19 prevention and treatment. Objective This study systematically reviews the mechanisms of propolis and honey against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and current evidence for the use of propolis and honey in COVID-19 prevention and treatment. Search strategy: A systematic search was conducted of electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library from their inceptions to April 2021. Inclusion criteria: Studies that evaluated the effect of propolis or bee products against SARS-CoV-2 using in silico methods, clinical studies, case reports and case series were included. Data extraction and analysis: A standardized data extraction form was used, and data were extracted by two independent reviewers. Narrative synthesis was used to summarize study results concerning the use of propolis or honey in COVID-19 prevention and treatment and their potential mechanisms of action against SARS-CoV-2. Results A total of 15 studies were included. Nine studies were in silico studies, two studies were case reports, one study was a case series, and three studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs). In silico studies, using molecular docking methods, showed that compounds in propolis could interact with several target proteins of SARS-CoV-2, including angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, the main protease enzyme, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and spike protein. Propolis may have a positive effect for clinical improvement in mild and moderate-to-severe COVID-19 patients, according to case reports and case series. The included RCTs indicated that propolis or honey could probably improve clinical symptoms and decrease viral clearance time when they were used as adjuvant therapy to standard of care. Conclusion In silico studies showed that compounds from propolis could interact with target proteins of SARS-CoV-2, interfering with viral entry and viral RNA replication, while clinical studies revealed that propolis and honey could probably improve clinical COVID-19 symptoms and decrease viral clearance time. However, clinical evidence is limited by the small number of studies and their small sample sizes. Future clinical studies are warranted. Please cite this article as: Dilokthornsakul W, Kosiyaporn R, Wuttipongwaragon R, Dilokthornsakul P. Potential effects of propolis and honey in COVID-19 prevention and treatment: A systematic review of in silico and clinical studies. J Integr Med . 2022; E...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the clinical studies, two were case reports [31] , [32] , while one was a case series [18] . The case reports followed the use of commercial propolis for COVID-19 treatment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Potential effects of propolis and honey in COVID-19 prevention and treatment: A systematic review of in silico and clinical studies

Dilokthornsakul

Kosiyaporn

Wuttipongwaragon

et al. 2022

Journal of Integrative Medicine

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“…In the last years, a series of studies have clearly pointed out that propolis has a wide spectrum of biological activities, due to its antimicrobial, antiviral, antiparasitic, antitumor, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective properties (Berretta et al, 2020;Santos et al, 2020). In these terms, we are convinced that these broad therapeutic actions indicate the potential of propolis for the development of products for use in human health (Fiorini et al, 2021;Santos et al, 2020).…”

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confidence: 99%

Rheumatoid arthritis: Propolis consumption can be useful

et al. 2021

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Isolation of diterpenes from Araucaria sp Brazilian brown propolis and development of a validated high‐performance liquid chromatography method for its analysis

Santos

Oliveira

Ribeiro

et al. 2021

J of Separation Science

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Propolis comprises a complex resinous product composed of plant's parts or exudates, pollen, bee wax, and enzymes. Brazilian brown propolis from Araucaria sp displays several biological activities. Considering the lack of validated analytical methods for its analysis, we are reporting the development of a validated high‐performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector method to analyze Araucaria brown propolis. The crude propolis were extracted and chromatographed, furnishing six main diterpenes. The isolated standards were used to draw the analytical curves, allowing the studies of selectivity, precision, accuracy, recovery, robustness, the determination of limits of detection and limits of quantification. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% acetic acid in water and acetonitrile, using an octadecylsilane column, 1 mL/min flow rate and detection at 200 or 241 nm. Relative standard deviation values obtained for intra‐day and inter‐day precision were lower than 4% for all diterpenes. From the five parameters for robustness, wavelength detection and flow rate were the critical ones. Limits of detection and quantification ranged from 0.808 to 10.359 μg/mL and from 2.448 to 31.392 μg/mL, respectively. The recoveries were between 105.03 and 108.13%, with relative standard deviation values around 5.0%. The developed method is precise, sensitive, and reliable for analyzing Araucaria brown propolis.

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Antiviral activity of Brazilian Green Propolis extract against SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - Coronavirus 2) infection: case report and review

Cited by 28 publications

References 33 publications

Potential effects of propolis and honey in COVID-19 prevention and treatment: A systematic review of in silico and clinical studies

Potential effects of propolis and honey in COVID-19 prevention and treatment: A systematic review of in silico and clinical studies

Rheumatoid arthritis: Propolis consumption can be useful

Isolation of diterpenes from Araucaria sp Brazilian brown propolis and development of a validated high‐performance liquid chromatography method for its analysis

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