2020
DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e1912
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Abstract: The world is currently facing a serious SARS-CoV-2 infection pandemic. This virus is a new isolate of coronavirus, and the current infection crisis has surpassed the SARS and MERS epidemics that occurred in 2002 and 2013, respectively. SARS-CoV-2 has currently infected more than 142,000 people, causing 5,000 deaths and spreading across more than 130 countries worldwide. The spreading capacity of the virus clearly demonstrates the potential threat of respiratory viruses to human health, thereby reiterating to t… Show more

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Cited by 71 publications
(62 citation statements)
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“…The risk of hospitalization increased to 3.40-fold in patients aged 60 years or older (Table 2), and the risk of death was almost four times higher in older inpatients (Table 4). Although it is not yet clear why this relationship occurs, many explanations have been proposed by researchers, such as decrease in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein expression in older individuals, 24 more contact and developed immune response to other viruses, 25,26 and higher prevalence of comorbidities. 27 Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 has been identified as the surface receptor responsible for SARS-CoV-2 entrance into cells.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The risk of hospitalization increased to 3.40-fold in patients aged 60 years or older (Table 2), and the risk of death was almost four times higher in older inpatients (Table 4). Although it is not yet clear why this relationship occurs, many explanations have been proposed by researchers, such as decrease in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein expression in older individuals, 24 more contact and developed immune response to other viruses, 25,26 and higher prevalence of comorbidities. 27 Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 has been identified as the surface receptor responsible for SARS-CoV-2 entrance into cells.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…24 Older patients might also have had more contact with other viruses, causing antibody-dependent enhancement and increasing inflammatory and immunologic responses. 25,26 Last, there is a higher prevalence of chronic illness in older populations, even those not expressed in the database, such as neurological illness and inflammatory conditions. 27 The older group had significantly more of the accounted conditions, except for obesity, contributing to overall worse health.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…40,41,42,43 Therapeutics that mimic ACE2 and shield this key epitope are likely to bias antibody formation towards off-target sites, which could contribute to antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory distress (VAERD), and a host of other immunological issues upon repeat viral challenge. 44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,52 With SARS-CoV-1, a marked lack of peripheral memory B cell responses was observed in patients 6 years following infection. 53 These key issues are also important to consider in vaccine development, as there is precedent for enhanced respiratory disease in vaccinated animals with SARS-CoV-1.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Approximately 5% of patients progress to a severe COVID-19, developing mainly severe acute respiratory syndrome, with 3% needing assisted respiratory mechanic ventilation. Coronavirus disease 2019 can progress to septic shock and multiple organ failure (6) and exhibits a death rate of approximately 2% (7).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The SARS-CoV-2 can infect human cells by entry via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSS2) (8). Although this process is wildly accepted, other possible infective routes are being explored such as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) (7) and via CD147 (9).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%