The epidemiology and etiology of azoospermia

Cocuzza, Marcello; Alvarenga, Conrado; Pagani, Rodrigo

doi:10.6061/clinics/2013(sup01)03

Cited by 188 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…The increasing role of the male factor in cases of couples’ infertility has been identified due to the increased evaluation of male reproductive function and the development of new diagnostic tools [2,3]. Despite this, azoospermia is always taken as a matter of serious interest while treating the issues related to infertility [4]. Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is considered to be a severe male infertility factor due to the impaired spermatogenesis with the consequent absence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic Analysis of Protein Interaction Network Associated with Azoospermia

Sabetian¹,

Shamsir²

2016

IJMS

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Non-obstructive azoospermia is a severe infertility factor. Currently, the etiology of this condition remains elusive with several possible molecular pathway disruptions identified in the post-meiotic spermatozoa. In the presented study, in order to identify all possible candidate genes associated with azoospermia and to map their relationship, we present the first protein-protein interaction network related to azoospermia and analyze the complex effects of the related genes systematically. Using Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, the Human Protein Reference Database and Cytoscape, we created a novel network consisting of 209 protein nodes and 737 interactions. Mathematical analysis identified three proteins, ar, dazap2, and esr1, as hub nodes and a bottleneck protein within the network. We also identified new candidate genes, CREBBP and BCAR1, which may play a role in azoospermia. The gene ontology analysis suggests a genetic link between azoospermia and liver disease. The KEGG analysis also showed 45 statistically important pathways with 31 proteins associated with colorectal, pancreatic, chronic myeloid leukemia and prostate cancer. Two new genes and associated diseases are promising for further experimental validation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous research has studied the medical treatment to improve the sperm quality of the patients before carrying out ICSI cycles [7]. Therefore, while understanding the overall mechanism of azoospermia is very important to improve the medical therapy, the underlying etiology and mechanism(s) remain elusive [4,7]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Analysis of Protein Interaction Network Associated with Azoospermia

Sabetian¹,

Shamsir²

2016

IJMS

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“…Recently, an exponential increase in the responsibility of male factor in couple's infertility has been observed and this could be attributed to comprehensive evaluation of the entire reproductive system of the male, the function of each part of that system and improved diagnostic tools [6]. There are a variety of conditions that may inhibit spermatogenesis and diminish the production and quality of sperm thus causing azoospermia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Men without Sperms

Ajayi¹,

Afolabi²,

Ajayi³

et al. 2018

OJU

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Introduction: Men without sperm (azoospermic) make up about 15% of all infertile men in reproductive age of fatherhood. Male infertility is a health and social problem in many communities. Subjects and Methods: This retrospective study was carried from 2010 to 2015. Initially, 907 men were included in the study among whom 109 (12.02%), 346 (38.15%) and 452 (49.83%) were azoospermic, oligospermic and normospermic, respectively. This study only investigated the association between age, BMI, semen volume, liquefaction time and pus cells among normospermic and azoospermic men. Standard semen analysis was performed and subjects were categorized by age into <30, 30 -39.9, 40 -49.9, 50 -59.9 and ≥60 years and by body mass index into normal (18.5 -24.9), overweight (25.0 -29.9) and obese (≥30). Results: The 562 subjects of the study had means (±sd) age of 42.6 (±7.10) years and BMI of 27.0 (4.1) kg/m 2 respectively. In all, 109 (19.4%) were azoospermic. Overweight and obese men were, respectively, more than 1½ and about 2½ times more likely to be azoospermic compared to normal weight men. Azoospermic men were significantly heavier than men with normal sperm count (t = −0.34; P-value = 0.003). Among those with normal weight, liquefaction time was significantly shorter (t = 5.49, P-value = 0.000001) in azoospermic (28.70 min.) than in men with normal sperm count (31.82 min.). Obese azoospermic men were about 4 times as likely to have high pus cells in semen than normal weight azoospermic men (OR = 3.82; 95% CI: 0.39, 37.01). Multivariate regression analysis shows a strong but negative coefficient correlation between sperm concentration and BMI (coef. = −0.48, Std Err. = 0.25, P-value = 0.05, 95% CI: −0.96, 0.10). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that high BMI is associated with azoospermia. Azoospermia also did not seem to negatively impact liquefaction time.

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“…Estimations pointed that infertility of the male is mainly due to azoospermia and it is prevalent in 10-15% of infertile men (Cocuzza et al, 2013). Several studies have elucidated diverse etiology for azoospermia but in many situations the main reason is still vague (Boettger-Tong, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AZF micro-deletion in azoospermia and severe oligospermia: Molecular & histopathological study in Duhok Province

Hanoon

Raziq

Nerwey

2017

SJUOZ

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ABSTRACT:Y chromosome micro-deletion (YCM) is a set of genetic diseases caused by missing gene (s) in specific regions of the Y chromosome. Many individuals with YCM show no manifestations and lead normal life. On the other hand, YCM is known to exist in a significant number of infertile males. Forty adult patients suffering from severe oligospermia and azoospermia were involved in the present study. Seminal fluid analyses were performed, and a blood sample was obtained for hormonal analysis and DNA extraction. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) profiles were measured and those who are azoospermic with normal FSH levels were subjected to testicular biopsy. The results revealed that 23 patients were azoospermic while 17 patients were severe oligospermic. It is also shown that ten azoospermic patients had normal serum gonadotrophin levels thus they were directed for testicular biopsy. Histopathological examination of testicular biopsy showed that four patients had obstructive azoospermia while the remaining six suffered from maturation arrest. DNA was extracted according to the standard proteinase K/phenol-chloroform method in the medical biotechnology laboratory/Scientific Research Center/University of Duhok. Multiplex PCR was performed for genes located in the azoospermia factor (AZF) regions (AZFa, AZFb, and AZFc) to detect any possible micro-deletions. Y chromosome micro-deletions were determined in 26 patients out of a total of forty patients. Microdeletions in the AZFc sub-region appeared in 16 out of 26 patients (61.5 %), and 10 (38.5 %) samples showed AZFb, however, AZFa micro-deletion was not detected in any of the patients. In conclusion, it has been found that Y chromosome micro-deletions in the AZF region can be a determining factor for male infertility and the consequential manifestations.

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The epidemiology and etiology of azoospermia

Cited by 188 publications

References 128 publications

Systematic Analysis of Protein Interaction Network Associated with Azoospermia

Systematic Analysis of Protein Interaction Network Associated with Azoospermia

Men without Sperms

AZF micro-deletion in azoospermia and severe oligospermia: Molecular & histopathological study in Duhok Province

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