Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene 2350 G/A polymorphism and susceptibility to atrial fibrillation in Han Chinese patients with essential hypertension

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:The angiotensin-converting enzyme gene is one of the most studied candidate genes related to atrial fibrillation. Among the polymorphisms of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene, the 2350 G/A polymorphism (rs4343) is known to have the most significant effects on the plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme concentration. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2350 G/A polymorphism with atrial fibrillation in Han Chinese patients with essential hypertension.METHODS:A total of 169 hypertensive patients were eligible for this study. Patients with atrial fibrillation (n = 75) were allocated to the atrial fibrillation group, and 94 subjects without atrial fibrillation were allocated to the control group. The PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was used to assess the genotype frequencies.RESULTS:The distributions of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2350 G/A genotypes (GG, GA, and AA, respectively) were 40.43%, 41.49%, and 18.08% in the controls and 18.67%, 46.67%, and 34.66% in the atrial fibrillation subjects (p = 0.037). The frequency of the A allele in the atrial fibrillation group was significantly greater than in the control group (58.00% vs. 38.83%, p = 0.0007). Compared with the wild-type GG genotype, the GA and AA genotypes had an increased risk for atrial fibrillation. Additionally, atrial fibrillation patients with the AA genotype had greater left atrial dimensions than the patients with the GG or GA genotypes (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively).CONCLUSIONS:The results obtained in this study indicate that the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2350 G/A polymorphism is associated with atrial fibrillation and that the A allele shows an increased risk for atrial fibrillation in Han Chinese patients with essential hypertension.

Serum YKL-40 is increased in patients with slow coronary flow

“…Current smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and atrial fibrillation were defined according to past literature reports [13][14][15]. Details of medical history, as well as physical and laboratory examination, were obtained from all patients before performing the coronary angiography.…”

“…The measurement of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, lowdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, and hs-CRP was performed as described previously [14][15][16]. Blood samples for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and YKL-40 were drawn from the radial sheath before selective coronary angiography was performed.…”

Genomics of Atrial Fibrillation

“…Implicated genes include those encoding connexin 40, GJA5 [7, 67–69], the transcription factor gene NKX2.5 [70, 71], and the LMNA gene[72]. Genes involved in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway, including the angiotensin converting enzyme, angiotensin gene promoter and angiotensinogen[73–76], have also been associated with AF.…”

“…Some studies of patients with essential hypertension have identified RAAS gene variants that are related to increased risk of AF [73, 76, 137]. Polymorphisms in this system have also been linked to stroke.…”

NEURL rs6584555 and CAND2 rs4642101 contribute to postoperative atrial fibrillation: a prospective study among Chinese population

“…During last 20 years, numerous AF associated mutations, candidate genes, and risk loci have been identified [14–19]; however, much of the heritability of AF remains unexplained [20]. Recently, Sinner et al [21] identified that 6 polymorphisms in 5 novel loci (NEURL rs12415501 and rs6584555, CAND2 rs4642101, GJA1 rs13216675, TBX5 rs10507248, and CUX2 rs6490029) were associated with atrial fibrillation susceptibility using a combination of genotyping, eQTL mapping, and functional validation.…”