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The present research aimed to analyze the effects of replacing table salt with herbal salt on blood pressure values and urinary sodium excretion in people with hypertension. This study has a quantitative approach and quasi-experimental design, "cross-over" type, with a sample of hypertensive patients registered in three public health units in a municipality in the state of Mato Grosso. Data collection was carried out from May 2020 to May 2022. Through an interview, the questionnaire to identify sociodemographic variables and the "Medication Adherence Questionnaire -Qualiaids" (QAM-Q) were applied. Subsequently, anthropometric assessment and casual blood pressure measurements were performed. The research was divided into three stages: Stage 1the participants kept the usual use of table salt for seven days; Stage 2participants made exclusive use of five grams of salt per day for ten days; Stage 3participants used only herbal salt to prepare meals for 10 days. Residential blood pressure monitoring and urinary sodium measurement were performed at all stages. Descriptive analyzes were performed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Science -SPSS ® program, version 25.0. The One Way test was used for comparisons between the paired mean values. Results were expressed as mean values, standard deviation (sd), minimum, maximum, and median. For statistical difference, p<0.05 was considered. Participated in the research 24 individuals, with a mean age of 63.2 ± 10 years, most of them was women (54.2%), who live with a partner (70.8%), self-declared white skin color (54.2%), with an average of 7.6 years of formal education and retired (45.8%). Regarding clinical variables, it was observed a predominance of participants with optimal blood pressure (45.8%), in the overweight category (45.8%), with high cardiovascular risk according to the waist-to-height ratio (87.5%), and very high risk according to waist circumference measurement (54.1%), 62.5% were adherent to the treatment. When comparing the three stages, there was a significant reduction in the values of systolic blood pressure (p=0.003) and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.001), with no difference in the variables salt consumption (p=0.66) and urinary sodium excretion (p=0.66). Although the use of herbal salt is an interesting and innovative non-drug strategy for blood pressure control, participants did not significantly adhere to the proposed intervention. Nevertheless, it should be noted that the monitoring of sodium consumption is essential for the evaluation of the use of salt by the population and to implement measures aimed at reducing blood pressure and preventing cardiovascular events.
The present research aimed to analyze the effects of replacing table salt with herbal salt on blood pressure values and urinary sodium excretion in people with hypertension. This study has a quantitative approach and quasi-experimental design, "cross-over" type, with a sample of hypertensive patients registered in three public health units in a municipality in the state of Mato Grosso. Data collection was carried out from May 2020 to May 2022. Through an interview, the questionnaire to identify sociodemographic variables and the "Medication Adherence Questionnaire -Qualiaids" (QAM-Q) were applied. Subsequently, anthropometric assessment and casual blood pressure measurements were performed. The research was divided into three stages: Stage 1the participants kept the usual use of table salt for seven days; Stage 2participants made exclusive use of five grams of salt per day for ten days; Stage 3participants used only herbal salt to prepare meals for 10 days. Residential blood pressure monitoring and urinary sodium measurement were performed at all stages. Descriptive analyzes were performed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Science -SPSS ® program, version 25.0. The One Way test was used for comparisons between the paired mean values. Results were expressed as mean values, standard deviation (sd), minimum, maximum, and median. For statistical difference, p<0.05 was considered. Participated in the research 24 individuals, with a mean age of 63.2 ± 10 years, most of them was women (54.2%), who live with a partner (70.8%), self-declared white skin color (54.2%), with an average of 7.6 years of formal education and retired (45.8%). Regarding clinical variables, it was observed a predominance of participants with optimal blood pressure (45.8%), in the overweight category (45.8%), with high cardiovascular risk according to the waist-to-height ratio (87.5%), and very high risk according to waist circumference measurement (54.1%), 62.5% were adherent to the treatment. When comparing the three stages, there was a significant reduction in the values of systolic blood pressure (p=0.003) and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.001), with no difference in the variables salt consumption (p=0.66) and urinary sodium excretion (p=0.66). Although the use of herbal salt is an interesting and innovative non-drug strategy for blood pressure control, participants did not significantly adhere to the proposed intervention. Nevertheless, it should be noted that the monitoring of sodium consumption is essential for the evaluation of the use of salt by the population and to implement measures aimed at reducing blood pressure and preventing cardiovascular events.
Dietary salt intake is a long-debated issue. Increased sodium intake is associated with high blood pressure, leading to salt-sensitive hypertension. Excessive salt intake leads to arterial stiffness in susceptible individuals via impaired nitric oxide action and increased endothelin-1 expression, overactivity of the renal sympathetic nervous system and also via aldosterone-independent activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor. Salt restriction in such individuals reduces blood pressure (BP) values. The optimal level of salt restriction that leads to improved cardiovascular outcomes is still under debate. Current BP and dietary guidelines recommend low sodium intake for the general population. However, a specific category of patients does not develop arterial hypertension in response to sodium loading. In addition, recent research demonstrates the deleterious effects of aggressive sodium restriction, even in heart failure patients. This mini review discusses current literature data regarding the advantages and disadvantages of salt restriction and how it impacts the overall health status.
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