Environmental Enrichment Promotes Antioxidant Effect in the Ventrolateral Medulla and Kidney of Renovascular Hypertensive Rats

Sousa, Luiz Eduardo; Favero, Iuri Ferrari Del; Bezerra, Frank Silva; Souza, Ana Beatriz Farias de; Alzamora, Andréia Carvalho

doi:10.5935/abc.20190166

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Collectively, the two critical mechanisms through which EE participates in these diseases are immune inflammation and angiogenesis, coincidentally, pivotal players in cardiac repair. Although EE reportedly mitigates the extent of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice and reduces the mean arterial pressure in rats with renovascular hypertension ( 14 , 35 ), this present study is the first regarding its role in MI. These findings provide sound theoretical support for the role of EE in cardiac repair after MI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Moreover, previous studies extrapolated research findings regarding the effect of EE on learning and memory to its effects on common maladies, such as ischemic brain injury, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer ( 11 , 12 ). Recently, the benefits of EE were linked to the amelioration of cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension and atherosclerosis ( 13 , 14 ). However, the role of EE in MI remains unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental eustress improves postinfarction cardiac repair via enhancing cardiac macrophage survival

et al. 2022

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Macrophages play a vital role in cardiac repair following myocardial infarction (MI). An enriched environment (EE) is involved in the regulation of macrophage-related activities and disease progression; however, whether EE affects the phenotype and function of macrophages to improve postinfarction cardiac repair remains unknown. In this study, we found that EE improved cardiac function, decreased mortality, and ameliorated adverse ventricular remodeling in mice after MI, with these outcomes closely related to the increased survival of Ly6C low macrophages and their CCR2 − MHCII low subsets. EE increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hypothalamus, leading to higher circulating levels of BDNF, which, in turn, regulated the cardiac macrophages. BDNF bound to tropomyosin receptor kinase B to activate downstream ERK1/2 and AKT pathways, promoting macrophage survival. These findings demonstrate that EE optimizes postinfarction cardiac repair and highlights the significance of EE as a previously unidentified strategy for impeding adverse ventricular remodeling.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental eustress improves postinfarction cardiac repair via enhancing cardiac macrophage survival

et al. 2022

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“…This is in line with the study of Merlot et al ( 68 ) reporting lower oxidative stress in sows kept in more spacious, straw-bedded pens than in those kept in barren pens. In rodents environmental enrichment has been found to reduce oxidative damage as well ( 69 , 70 ). Chronic stress caused by barren housing may induce a mild inflammation ( 71 ), which would be expressed in higher haptoglobin levels in barren housed pigs ( 72 ) and it has been shown that inflammation can increase oxidative stress ( 73 ), but more studies are needed to support this.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Enrichment and Repeated Mixing on Resilience in Pigs

et al. 2022

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Resilience, the capacity of animals to be minimally affected by a disturbance or to rapidly bounce back to the state before the challenge, may be improved by enrichment, but negatively impacted by a high allostatic load from stressful management procedures in pigs. We investigated the combined effects of diverging environmental conditions from weaning and repeated mixing to create high allostatic load on resilience of pigs. Pigs were either exposed to barren housing conditions (B) from weaning onwards or provided with sawdust, extra toys, regular access to a “play arena” and daily positive human contact (E). Half of the pigs were exposed to repeated mixing (RM) and the other half to one mixing only at weaning (minimal mixing, MM). To assess their resilience, the response to and recovery from a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) sickness challenge and a Frustration challenge were studied. In addition, potential long-term resilience indicators, i.e. natural antibodies, hair cortisol and growth were measured. Some indications of more favorable responses to the challenges in E pigs were found, such as lower serum reactive oxygen metabolite (dROM) concentrations and a smaller area under the curve of dROM after LPS injection. In the Frustration challenge, E pigs showed less standing alert, escape behaviors and other negative behaviors, a tendency for a smaller area under the curve of salivary cortisol and a lower plasma cortisol level at 1 h after the challenge. Aggression did not decrease over mixings in RM pigs and was higher in B pigs than in E pigs. Repeated mixing did not seem to reduce resilience. Contrary to expectations, RM pigs showed a higher relative growth than MM pigs during the experiment, especially in the week of the challenges. Barren RM pigs showed a lower plasma cortisol concentration than barren MM pigs after the LPS challenge, which may suggest that those RM pigs responded less detrimentally than MM pigs. Enriched RM pigs showed a higher level of IgM antibodies binding keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) than enriched MM and barren RM pigs, and RM pigs showed a sharper decline in IgG antibodies binding Bovine Serum Albumin (PC-BSA) over time than MM pigs. Hair cortisol concentrations were not affected by enrichment or mixing. To conclude, enrichment did not enhance the speed of recovery from challenges in pigs, although there were indications of reduced stress. Repeated as opposed to single mixing did not seem to aggravate the negative effects of barren housing on resilience and for some parameters even seemed to reduce the negative effects of barren housing.

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“…11 The titled study "Environmental Enrichment Promotes Antioxidant Effect in the Ventrolateral Medulla and Kidney of Renovascular Hypertensive Rats", published in this edition, aimed to evaluate the environmental enrichment on oxidative stress in ventrolateral bulb, heart and kidneys of renovascular-hypertension rats. 10 Souza et al 10 study indicates similar mean arterial pressure (MAP) values between normotensive and hypertensive rats exposed to enriched environments. The authors highlight that it is the first study to demonstrate these results in hypertensive animals at these conditions.…”

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confidence: 96%