The Economic Burden of Heart Conditions in Brazil

Stevens, Bryce; Pezzullo, Lynne; Verdian, L; Tomlinson, Josh; George, Alice; Bacal, Fernando

doi:10.5935/abc.20180104

Cited by 56 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…For example, estimates in Mexico indicate that only four kinds of these diseases consumed approximately USD-PPP $11.2 billion in 2015 or the equivalent to ≈4% of the total health expenses in the country [44]. Although this study, considerably similar to another in Brazil [59], concerns direct costs such as patients' hospital care and the loss of economic productivity, these statistics and those from previous years would increase if outof-pocket expenditures were included, which represent 44% of the total health expenditure and more than 50% of the total expenses associated with hypertension in Mexican adults [45,46]. Out-of-pocket CVD expenses for 15 months in countries such as China and India have been reported to be 15.0-40.1% and 39.3-54.9% of the annual household expenses, respectively [118].…”

Section: Cvdsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Data on the national economic burden of CVD in the other mega-countries were collected from a included series of studies and reports [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70]. Beginning with countries of a low and middle HDI, data of projected economic losses due to CVD in India between 2012 and 2030 were identified in a study Evidence of CVD economic impact for mega-countries with a very high HDI were identified in seven sources.…”

Section: Literature Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attributable burden and expenditure of cardiovascular diseases and associated risk factors in Mexico and other selected mega-countries

Mendoza-Herrera

Pedroza-Tobías

Hernández-Alcaraz

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent a health and economic threat globally. This paper aims to describe this problem in Mexico and other selected mega-countries through a review of published literature and the exploration of secondary datasets. Method Mega-countries with low (Nigeria), middle (India), high (China/Brazil/Mexico), and very high (the U.S./Japan) human development index (HDI) were included. The review was divided into two topics: prevalence of dyslipidemia and CVD economic impact. Search, screening, and filtering processes were conducted in electronic databases using MeSH terms by one trained researcher. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were considered for eligibility. Methods and results were reported according to the PRISMA statement. Information from datasets on epidemiologic CVD indicators was also extracted. Results Thirty-two studies were eligible. Heterogeneity in economic data and limited nationwide information on dyslipidemias prevalence in some countries were found. Hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia were higher in Mexico compared to other countries. Dietary risk factors have a higher contribution on cardiovascular mortality in developing countries: e.g. 8.1-13.8% Mexico, 11.3-13.0% India vs. 0.078-8.9% Japan, 6.5-10.7% the U.S. Probability of dying prematurely from CVD in 2016 was higher in lower HDI countries: 23.3-22.5% (low-middle), 17.0-15.7% (high), and 14.6-8.4% (very high). From 1990-2016, a greater decrease in cardiovascular mortality in developed countries was registered (-56.8% Japan/-11.1% India). In 2015, an expenditure of USD-PPP $11.2 billion due to hypertension, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure was reported in Mexico (4% from public health expenditure). CVD ranked first in health care expenditures in almost all these nations and this economic burden is expected to remain significant by 2030, especially in the most populated or developed countries. Conclusions The higher burden of CVD and its significant economic impact, coupled with poor clinical practice and epidemiological surveillance, represents a greater challenge for Mexico and other developing mega-countries. Thus, governments and academia should secure resources to assure an optimal monitoring of cardiovascular risk factors. Educational models and medical practice must be improved to optimize the diagnosis of CVD and the prescription and adherence of their pharmacological and lifestyle treatments. Long-term benefits are expected from strengthening strategies to modify the food system.

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Section: Cvdsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Literature Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attributable burden and expenditure of cardiovascular diseases and associated risk factors in Mexico and other selected mega-countries

Mendoza-Herrera

Pedroza-Tobías

Hernández-Alcaraz

et al. 2019

Preprint

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show abstract

“…There is scarce evidence on the economic impact of cardiovascular diseases and low‐and medium‐income countries, although studies are increasingly being published in Brazil and in Latin America . Recent studies have shown that CVDs are the main cause of years lost to premature death and have a large economic impact on society (estimated at 9.5% of the Gross National Product), considering direct health costs and indirect costs, such as premature retirements and productivity losses …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing and applying a costing tool for hypertension and related cardiovascular disease: Attributable costs to salt/sodium consumption

Nilson

Silva

Jaime

2020

J of Clinical Hypertension

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This paper proposes a costing tool for hypertension and cardiovascular disease by adapting cost‐of‐illness methodologies to estimate the attributable burden of excessive salt intake on cardiovascular disease. The methodology estimates the changes in blood pressure that result from each gram change in salt intake and links diet to the direct and indirect costs of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertensive disease, aortic aneurysm, heart failure, pulmonary embolism, and rheumatic heart, using the relative risks of disease and the prevalence of salt consumption in the population. The methodology includes (a) identifying major diseases and conditions related to excessive salt intake and relevant economic cost data available, (b) quantifying the relationship between the prevalence of excessive salt intake and the associated risk of disease morbidity and mortality using population attributable risks (PAR), (c) using PARs to estimate the share of total costs directly attributed to excessive salt intake, and (d) undertaking a sensitivity analysis of key epidemiological and economic parameters. The costing tool has estimated that, in 2013, US$ 102.0 million (95% uncertainty interval—UI: US$ 96.2‐107.8 million) in public hospitalizations could be saved if the average salt intake of Brazilians were reduced to 5 g/d, corresponding to 9.4% (95% UI: 8.9%‐9.9%) of the total hospital costs by CVDs. This methodology of cost of illness associated with salt consumption can be adapted to estimate the burden of other dietary risk factors and support prevention and control policies in Brazil and in other countries.

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“…Entre as doenças cardíacas, o infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM), que é uma das principais complicações da DAC, apresentou o mais alto custo de manejo no ano de 2015 (22,4 bilhões de reais ou 6,9 bilhões de dólares), de acordo com estudo publicado no ano de 2018 com base em dados de pacientes brasileiros [3].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Associação entre fatores de risco cardiovasculares e a presença de doença arterial coronariana

Maldonado¹,

Silva²,

Pereira³

et al. 2019

archmed

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Objetivo: associar os fatores de risco e a presença da doença arterial coronariana em pacientes submetidos à cintilografia de perfusão de miocárdio. A doença arterial coronariana é uma das principais causas de morte no Brasil e no mundo por isso, detectá-la anteriormente às manifestações clínicas ou complicações é crucial para evitar a progressão da doença. Materiais e Métodos: foi realizado um estudo observacional, transversal e retrospectivo a partir da análise aleatória de 226 prontuários de pacientes submetidos a cintilografia de perfusão do miocárdio entre agosto de 2010 e agosto de 2015. Avaliou-se a razão de chances (Odds Ratio) dos seguintes fatores de risco: tabagismo, diabetes mellitus tipo II, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, dislipidemia, obesidade, sobrepeso, sedentarismo, estresse e antecedentes familiares. Foram calculados riscos atribuíveis ao Intervalo de Confiança 95%. Resultados: dentre os fatores analisados, o diabetes aparece como o principal fator de risco não evitável para a doença com razão de chances ajustada de 3,45 (Intervalo de confiança 95%). A dislipidemia com Odds Ratio ajustada de 2,45 (Intervalo de confiança 95%) e hipertensão com Odds Ratio ajustada de 1,97 (Intervalo de confiança 95%). Conclusões: o presente estudo permitiu associar os fatores de risco e a presença da doença arterial coronariana em pacientes submetidos à cintilografia de perfusão de miocárdio, sendo o diabetes o principal fator de risco não evitável para a doença. Dentre os fatores de risco evitáveis (tabagismo, sedentarismo, estresse, sobrepeso/obesidade e sobrepeso) nenhum apresentou associação significativa com a doença.

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The Economic Burden of Heart Conditions in Brazil

Cited by 56 publications

References 18 publications

Attributable burden and expenditure of cardiovascular diseases and associated risk factors in Mexico and other selected mega-countries

Attributable burden and expenditure of cardiovascular diseases and associated risk factors in Mexico and other selected mega-countries

Developing and applying a costing tool for hypertension and related cardiovascular disease: Attributable costs to salt/sodium consumption

Associação entre fatores de risco cardiovasculares e a presença de doença arterial coronariana

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