2015
DOI: 10.5935/abc.20150026
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Abstract: BackgroundPhysiological reflexes modulated primarily by the vagus nerve allow the heart to decelerate and accelerate rapidly after a deep inspiration followed by rapid movement of the limbs. This is the physiological and pharmacologically validated basis for the 4-s exercise test (4sET) used to assess the vagal modulation of cardiac chronotropism.ObjectiveTo present reference data for 4sET in healthy adults.MethodsAfter applying strict clinical inclusion/exclusion criteria, 1,605 healthy adults (61% men) aged … Show more

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Cited by 10 publications
(17 citation statements)
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References 41 publications
(39 reference statements)
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“…39 Apart from being shown to be reliable, 25 the 4sET protocol has been shown to be safe and simple to perform and to produce quantifiable results. 22 Even more relevant, it remarkably resembles typical conditions occurring in during a football match, in which intermittent and sudden efforts are often seen. 4,9 Interpreting the study findings.…”
Section: ■ Discussionmentioning
confidence: 79%
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“…39 Apart from being shown to be reliable, 25 the 4sET protocol has been shown to be safe and simple to perform and to produce quantifiable results. 22 Even more relevant, it remarkably resembles typical conditions occurring in during a football match, in which intermittent and sudden efforts are often seen. 4,9 Interpreting the study findings.…”
Section: ■ Discussionmentioning
confidence: 79%
“…A control sample was obtained from 303 age-matched male healthy non-athlete subjects (HS) evaluated at the same Medical Centre for routine check-ups and/or exercise prescription advice. 22 Data collection was carried out by five sports & exercise medicine's physicians along the 10-year period of the study.…”
Section: Andmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Based on their current study by Fonseca et al, 5 we can speculate that if they have used other assessment methods, like the 4-second exercise test, 6,7 - a very specific one for assessing cardiac vagal activity - and handgrip strength relative to body weight or maximal muscle power 8 or even a simple functional test like the sitting-rising test, 9 all of them, more specific to assess dynapenia, a likely clinically more relevant issue than sarcopenia, 10,11 they could have found additional discriminative values.…”
mentioning
confidence: 73%
“…cardiac vagal tone evaluation: the ratio between two RR-interval durations measured in the electrocardiogram, the first one immediately before and the second one at the end of a 4-second fast and unloaded cycling test that is carried out in a full and maximal inspiratory apnea;(37, 38)…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%