Should we retire statistical significance?

Correia, Luís Cláudio Lemos; Bagano, Gabriela Oliveira; Melo, Milton Henrique Vitória de

doi:10.5935/2595-0118.20190037

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“…This fruit salad, however, represents reality in the current scientific literature. The best recommendation might be not to decide for one fruit or the other (e.g., not to “retire” statistical significance in general as stated by Amrhein et al, 2019 ) (see for example Correia et al, 2019 ), but to find more meaningful linguistic terms (e.g., replace “statistical significance” by “statistical accuracy,” Correia et al, 2019 ), to interpret the context of the p -value rather than the threshold ( Betensky, 2019 ), and in general to enhance rather than reduce complexity by describing and interpreting data in more detail and nuances (“embrace uncertainty,” this expression was used by Amrhein et al, 2019 , p. 32). This is a longer, but instructive process for scientists usually dealing with content-based research questions (as the authors of the present paper) that surely requires patience from statistical experts.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Role of Perceived Energy and Self-Beliefs for Physical Activity and Sports Activity of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Chronic Stroke

et al. 2021

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Physical activity counteracts some of the negative consequences associated with chronic neurological diseases. Here, we describe the levels of physical activity (PA) and sports activity (Sport) in patients with multiple sclerosis (pMS, n = 59) and chronic stroke (pStroke, n = 67) and test compliance with the recommendation for health-promoting physical activity of the World-Health Organization (WHO). Secondly, we tested for differences between the groups of patients, and thirdly, we examined relationships between PA and Sport with psychological indicators of perceived energy (fatigue and vitality) and self-beliefs (self-efficacy and self-control). Psychological constructs were assessed with validated measures from different disciplines in Psychology. A statistical aim was to describe interpretations gained by (non-) parametric Bayesian and Null-Hypothesis-Significance Testing statistics (NHST) on the example of the conducted tests for differences and relationships. Descriptive analyses revealed that pMS and pStroke complied with recommendations of the WHO, but with large variance indicating that patient groups are not homogenous. Tests for differences showed that the PA difference between pMS and pStroke can be attributed to the higher proportion of women in the pMS sample as they engage more in household chores (important part of PA). Tests for relationships showed that for pStroke, vitality, self-control, and self-efficacy were positively related to the level of sports activity. Furthermore, pStroke who were sport active had lower fatigue and higher self-control and self-efficacy scores than sport inactive people. Although they address slightly different questions, the Bayesian and the NHST approach led to similar general conclusions.

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