Risk Factor Differences in Acute Myocardial Infarction between Young and Older
            People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Liu, Lei; Zeng, Bin

doi:10.5935/2359-4802.20190004

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The risk factors for CVD in young patients may not be the same as those in elderly patients [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. The Helsinki Registry, the first large study of young adults under 50 years of age with ischemic stroke (IS), reported that young IS patients had less related standard risk factors for stroke such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes compared to older patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Blood Cadmium with Cardiovascular Disease in Korea: From the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2013 and 2016

Jeong

Yun

Kim

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally, although the mortality rate has declined with improved technology and risk factor control. The incidence rate of stroke, one of the CVDs, is increasing in young adults, whereas it is decreasing in the elderly. The risk factors for CVD may differ between young adults and the elderly. Previous studies have suggested that cadmium was a potential CVD risk factor in the overall and middle-aged to elderly populations. We assessed the associations between cadmium and CVD events in the Korean population aged 20–59 years using the 2008–2013 and 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), a population-based cross-sectional study. Among 10,626 participants aged 20–59 years, those with high blood cadmium (BCd) level (>1.874 µg/L, 90th percentile) were higher associated with stroke and hypertension (stroke: odds ratio (OR), 2.39; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03–5.56; hypertension: OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.20–1.76). The strongest association between high blood cadmium concentrations and hypertension was among current smokers. Ischemic heart disease (IHD) was not associated with high blood cadmium level. These findings suggest that high blood cadmium levels may be associated with prevalent stroke and hypertension in the Korean population under 60 years of age.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Blood Cadmium with Cardiovascular Disease in Korea: From the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2013 and 2016

Jeong

Yun

Kim

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Compared with conventional MI, premature MI was associated with a higher prevalence of smoking, obesity, and family history of cardiac disease but a lower prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. 38 , 53 Consistent with these findings, a recent study found that the 25-year risk of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (cardiovascular and cerebrovascular) events could be predicted on the basis of simple lifestyle factors (eg, diet and physical activity). 46 These results support observations from the present study and stress the need for risk prediction scores specific to premature MI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Risk Factors for Premature Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 77 Studies

Dugani

Hydoub

Ayala

et al. 2021

Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality & Outcomes

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Objective: To evaluate the magnitude of the association between risk factors and premature myocardial infarction (MI) (men aged 18-55 years; women aged 18-65 years). Patients and Methods: We searched MEDLINE and other databases from inception through April 30, 2020, as well as bibliography of articles selected for data extraction. We selected observational studies reporting the magnitude of the association of at least 1 risk factor (demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, clinical risk factors, or biomarkers) with premature MI and a control group. Pooled risk estimates (random effects) from all studies unadjusted and adjusted for risk factors were reported as summary odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs. Results: From 35,320 articles of 12.7 million participants, we extracted data on 19 risk factors from 77 studies across 58 countries. Men had a higher risk of premature MI (OR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.71 to 3.35) than did women. Family history of cardiac disease was associated with a higher risk of premature MI (OR, 2.67; 95% CI, 2.29 to 3.27). Major modifiable risk factors associated with higher risk were current smoking (OR, 4.34; 95% CI, 3.68 to 5.12 vs no/former), diabetes mellitus (OR, 3.54; 95% CI, 2.69 to 4.65), dyslipidemia (OR, 2.94; 95% CI, 1.76 to 4.91), and hypertension (OR, 2.85; 95% CI, 2.48 to 3.27). Higher body mass index carried higher risk (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.24 to 1.71 for !25 kg/m 2 vs <25 kg/ m 2 ). Biomarkers associated with 2-to 3-fold higher risk were total cholesterol levels greater than 200 mg/ dL, triglyceride levels higher than 150 mg/dL, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels less than 60 mg/dL (to convert to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0259). Conclusion: Major risk factors for premature MI are mostly amenable to patient, population, and policy level interventions. Mild elevations in body mass index and triglyceride levels were associated with higher risk, which has implications for the growing worldwide epidemic of cardiometabolic diseases.

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“…Young adults showed lower incidence of in hospital death in comparison to older adults (1% VS 4%). [6,[37][38][39][40][41]. Otherwise, there were observed no significant differences between young and old adults regarding post AMI complications and this reflects the equal provided high care services provided to all patients in our center.…”

Section: B: In-hospital Complication and Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 92%

Acute Myocardial Infarction in Young Adults: Prevalence, Clinical Background and In-Hospital Outcomes with Particular Reference to Socio-Economic Influences a Middle Eastern Tertiary Center Experience

Shalaby¹

2020

J Cardiol Res Rev Rep

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Background: Acute myocardial infarction in young individuals can cause death and disability in early life and has serious consequences for the patients, their family causing an increased economic burden on health system. Identifying the risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in this group of people is necessary for risk factor modification and developing cost-effective secondary prevention strategies as young. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, clinical background and in-hospital outcome of AMI among young (age ≤45 years) adults and its socioeconomic burden. Results: All Acute myocardial infarction patients during the period from 2016-2019 were divided into two groups: young adults (age≤45) and older adults (age>45). Age data were available for 3081 patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction. Out of these 593 (19%) patients were young adults with mean age of 39±6.2 whilst 2488 (80.7%) were older adults with mean age of 60±9. Young adult Patients were more of male gender (92% vs 82%, p<0.001) more smoker (47% vs 30 %, p<0.001) and had more prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥30 34% vs 27%, p<0.001) but were less diabetics (43% vs 57%, p<0.001) and less hypertensive (35% vs 58 %, p<0.001).Young adult patients had higher level of LDL (120±47 vs. 112.9±41.6, P=0.02), total cholesterol (189.2±54.4 vs. 173.9±47.7, P<0.001) and triglycerides (157.7±104.4 vs. 126.6±91, P<0.001).Young adult patients had more extensive thrombus and frequently required thrombus aspiration (16 % vs. 11%, p=0.003) but less common left main disease (0.9% vs 4%, p<0.001) and 3 vessels disease (8% vs 18%, p<0.001). Young adult patients had less deterioration of left ventricular function (EF 42.4±10.4 vs. 41.1±10.6, P=0.04). There was highly significant negative correlation between left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and age (P<0.001) but positive correlation between age and length of in hospital stay (p=0.02).In-hospital complications including pulmonary edema, cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest and mortality were similar in the two groups. Age, female gender and diabetes were found to be the independent predictors for in-hospital mortality among our patients (P=0.003, 0.05 and 0.05 respectively) Conclusion: Young adult patients presented with acute myocardial infarction are more frequently smokers, obese and dyslipidaemic. These patients also have more thrombus burden. These results underscores the importance of smoking cessation, weight reduction programs and Health education for public especially of this age. Age still showed high risk prediction for lower LVEF and prolonged in-hospital length of stay in AMI patients with more burden on the health care system although the great improvement in management of AMI patients which lead to decrease in hospital complications.

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Risk Factor Differences in Acute Myocardial Infarction between Young and Older People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 13 publications

References 36 publications

Association of Blood Cadmium with Cardiovascular Disease in Korea: From the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2013 and 2016

Association of Blood Cadmium with Cardiovascular Disease in Korea: From the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2013 and 2016

Risk Factors for Premature Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 77 Studies

Acute Myocardial Infarction in Young Adults: Prevalence, Clinical Background and In-Hospital Outcomes with Particular Reference to Socio-Economic Influences a Middle Eastern Tertiary Center Experience

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