Development of a solid-liquid extraction method with low-temperature partitioning for the determination of insecticides in ozonized maize grain.

Determination of Haloxyfop-Methyl, Linuron, and Procymidone Pesticides in Carrot Using SLE-LTP Extraction and GC-MS

“…This SLE-LTPoptimized technique also presents a small volume of consumption of mixing machines as an advantage, avoiding the need for evaporation steps and solvent exchange. Similar results were found by Freitas et al (2014), who observed that the agitation time in the vortex showed no significance within the limits studied for extraction of insecticides by SLE-LTP in stored corn,. However, Heleno et al (2014b) reported that the agitation time on the agitator table significantly affected the difenoconazole extraction by SLE-LTP in strawberry.…”

“…However, Heleno et al (2014b) reported that the agitation time on the agitator table significantly affected the difenoconazole extraction by SLE-LTP in strawberry. Heleno et al (2014a) and Freitas et al (2014) also evaluated the effect of freezing time on the chromatographic response of pesticides. Heleno et al (2014b) observed that there was no influence on the chromatographic responses when the freezing time ranged between 5 and 12 h. However, Freitas et al (2014) achieved results, in that the freezing of 3 h provided better chromatographic responses (areas) of pesticides in corn through SLE-LTP.…”

“…Heleno et al (2014a) and Freitas et al (2014) also evaluated the effect of freezing time on the chromatographic response of pesticides. Heleno et al (2014b) observed that there was no influence on the chromatographic responses when the freezing time ranged between 5 and 12 h. However, Freitas et al (2014) achieved results, in that the freezing of 3 h provided better chromatographic responses (areas) of pesticides in corn through SLE-LTP. Vieira, Neves, and Queiroz (2007), obtained contradictory results regarding the solvent extractor volume, in which the increase of the proportion of the solvent acetonitrile volume in relation to the sample volume, from 1:1 to 1:2 (v/v) (sample/acetonitrile), increased the extraction yield from 11 % to λ-cyhalothrin, and 7 % for cypermethrin in water by liquid-liquid extraction with partition at low temperature (LLE-LTP).…”

“…This technique presents some advantages in relation to traditional techniques, such as practicality, low number of steps, a small amount of sample and organic solvents, as well as being reliable and selective. The use of SLE-LTP has been described in the literature for the extraction of pesticides in foods such as lettuce (Costa et al 2015), corn (Freitas et al 2014), strawberry (Heleno et al 2014a), pineapple (Morais et al 2014), egg (Sousa et al 2014), etc., but no specific application of this method has been found for the extraction of pesticide residues in carrot. The technique is based on the partition of analytes between the aqueous and organic phase resulting from temperature lowering (−20°C).…”

Development of a Methodology for the Determination of Pesticide Residues in Cajá-Manga Pulp (Spondias dulcisL.) Using Solid-Liquid Extraction with Low-Temperature Partitioning

“…In this work, a simple, fast, and easy-to-implement method was developed for the determination of four pesticide residues in the cajá-manga pulp by solid-liquid extraction with low-temperature partitioning (SLE-LTP) and quantification by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). SLE-LTP is a simple extraction method involving a sequence of steps: addition of a small volume of water to the solid sample, addition of a water-miscible extractor solvent, vortex homogenization, and freezing of the system for phase separation [19][20][21][22][23]. e organic extract, which will remain liquid after the freezing step, is removed by using a syringe and introduced into a scientific instrumentation suitable for quantification of the analyte(s).…”