Contrast sensitivity assessment in different age group in medium and high spatial frequency

Sieiro, Reinaldo de Oliveira; Coelho, Letícia Maria; Boas, Patrícia Castro Vilas; Fonseca, Samira Chalub; Souza, Sheila Rodrigues; Guimarães, Thaís de Paula

doi:10.5935/0034-7280.20160059

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, we observed differences between age and CCI, with middle-aged adults had poorer CCI than young adults. This same pattern was found in other studies using psychophysics [30,31]. It is hypothesized that the normal aging affects visual processing in humans, being consistent with Faubert's theory of visual perception and aging [32].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…First, the major limitation is that this was an observational study, and such a design does not permit evaluation of the physiological or genetic associations between smoking and color vision per se. However, we cannot fail to draw parallels with physiology, as pointed out by classical studies of visual psychophysics [10,31,39]. Another limitation is in relation to the sample age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Acquired Color Vision Defects in Chronic Heavy Smoking

2017

J Addict Prev

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Chronic heavy smoking in dependent users has been associated with losses in processing of the red-green color vision system, suggesting that this system is more sensitive to the effects of cigarette compounds [12,13].The relationship between chronic smoking visual impairments still has its gaps. Based on the existing literature, the existing data are dissonant and reflect the need to use a reliable tool to evaluate the acquired losses [12][13][14][15][16][17]. Also, suggest that an effort to increase the accuracy of testing procedures is needed. Due to diverse lighting conditions or differences in analysis procedures, the existing results point to the existence of small changes in color vision, but not enough to characterize acquired losses.The use of a quick and effective test to evaluate the color vision is essential. Therefore, panel tests, such as Lanthony D15d, are presented as the best choices for rapid screening and observation of acquired or congenital impairments [16,18].Based on the evidence that cigarette compounds are harmful and affect visual processing, we expect to find significant changes in the processing of the red-green color vision system in smokers [12,13,15]. However, since the acquired losses may evolve to a redgreen defect after starting a blue-yellow defect, the losses observed in our study may be global, involving both systems [19]. Our premise is that chronic smoking habit will affect color discrimination, especially considering the existence of harmful cigarette compounds.The purpose of the present study was to assess the influence of chronic heavy smoking on color discrimination through a sensitive quantitative method of assessment, the Lanthony D15d.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Acquired Color Vision Defects in Chronic Heavy Smoking

2017

J Addict Prev

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Effects of smoking and smoking abstinence on spatial vision in chronic heavy smokers

Fernandes

Almeida

Santos

2017

Sci Rep

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Cigarette smoke is a complex chemical mixture, involving health-damaging components such as carbon monoxide, ammonia, pyridine, toluene and nicotine. While cognitive functions have been well documented in heavy smokers, spatial vision has been less characterized. In the article, we investigated smoking effects through contrast sensitivity function (CSF), a rigorous procedure that measures the spatial vision. Data were recorded from 48 participants, a group of non-smokers (n = 16), a group of chronic and heavy cigarette smokers (n = 16) and deprived smokers (n = 16); age range 20–45 years. Sinewave gratings with spatial frequencies ranging from 0.25 to 20 cycles per degree were used. All subjects were free from any neurological disorder, identifiable ocular disease and had normal acuity. No abnormalities were detected in the fundoscopic examination and in the optical coherence tomography exam. Contrary to expectations, performance on CSF differed between groups. Both smokers and deprived smokers presented a loss of contrast sensitivity compared to non-smokers. Post-hoc analyses suggest that deprived smokers were less sensitive at all spatial frequencies. These results suggest that not only chronic exposure to cigarette compounds but also withdrawal from nicotine affected spatial vision. This highlights the importance of understanding diffuse effects of smoking compounds on visual spatial processing.

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Contrast sensitivity assessment in different age group in medium and high spatial frequency

Cited by 2 publications

References 17 publications

Acquired Color Vision Defects in Chronic Heavy Smoking

Acquired Color Vision Defects in Chronic Heavy Smoking

Effects of smoking and smoking abstinence on spatial vision in chronic heavy smokers

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