Characterization of meibomian gland dysfunction in patients with rosacea

Barbosa, Eduardo Buzolin; Tavares, Carla Melo; Silva, Dimitri Felipe Luz da; Santos, Lorraine Souza; França, Andréa Fernandes Eloy da Costa; Alves, Mônica

doi:10.5935/0004-2749.20230043

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In humans, it has been shown that the act of blinking leads to the expression of meibum lipids. Forceful blinking increases the amount of meibum released onto the ocular surface whereas incomplete blinking leads to decreased meibum expression, decreased TFBUT, and, subsequently, an increased incidence of MGD 59–61 . Thus, a similar phenomenon may be occurring in brachycephalic animals with an incomplete blink.…”

Section: Clinical Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional risk factors of EDED in humans include comorbidities, such as ocular rosacea, 59 local hypersensitivity reactions to or the toxic effects of medications, such as retinoic acid, 60 and marginal blepharitis. However, to date, no studies have identified these additional factors to cause EDED in dogs, thus additional work is needed to investigate their potential role.…”

Section: Clinical Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comparative review of evaporative dry eye disease and meibomian gland dysfunction in dogs and humans

Hisey

Leonard

2023

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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Dry eye disease is a complex ophthalmic disorder that consists of two main subtypes, aqueous deficient dry eye (ADDE) and evaporative dry eye disease (EDED). Due to the complex underlying physiology, human dry eye disease can be difficult to model in laboratory animal species. Thus, the identification and characterization of a spontaneous large animal model of dry eye disease is desirable. Dogs have been described as an ideal spontaneous model of ADDE due to the similar pathophysiology between dogs and humans. Recently, EDED and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) have been increasingly recognized and reported in dogs. These reports on EDED and MGD in dogs have identified similarities in pathophysiology, clinical presentations, and diagnostic parameters to humans with the comparable disorders. Additionally, the tests that are used to diagnose EDED and MGD in humans are more easily applicable to dogs than to laboratory species due to the comparable globe sizes between dogs and humans. The reported response of dogs to EDED and MGD therapies are similar to humans, suggesting that they would be a valuable preclinical model for the development of additional therapeutics. Further research and clinical awareness of EDED and MGD in dogs would increase their ability to be utilized as a preclinical model, improving the positive predictive value of therapeutics for EDED and MGD in both humans and dogs.

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Section: Clinical Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative review of evaporative dry eye disease and meibomian gland dysfunction in dogs and humans

Hisey

Leonard

2023

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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“…In rosacea, meibomian gland hypersecretion occurs with a turbid consistency to the meibum leading to the plugging of the MG and chalazion formation. Ocular rosacea also causes significant meibomian gland loss that can objectively be demonstrated with meibography [ 15 , 16 ]. This also culminates in an abnormal tear film, with a soapy, inferior tear meniscus, leading to evaporative dry eye.…”

Section: Ocular Rosaceamentioning

confidence: 99%

Rosacea Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Posterior Blepharitis May Be a Marker for Earlier Associated Dyslipidaemia and Inflammation Detection and Treatment with Statins

Ooi

Watson

2023

Metabolites

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Posterior blepharitis and dry eye are common disorders with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), a principal driver of their pathophysiology. Meibomian gland dysfunction is increasingly prevalent in older populations with contributory hormonal imbalances. The abnormal meibum in MGD has been documented to have an excess of cholesterol with a resultant disruption of the lipid layer of the tear film. This leads to tear film instability due to the inadequate trapping of the aqueous portion of the tear film with resultant evaporative dry eye. Significant morbidity may follow MGD with ocular surface inflammation disrupting both social and work function. Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory condition of the central face but can have ocular and systemic inflammatory associations. It is especially prevalent in North European populations and can have onset at any age, but commonly presents between thirty and fifty years of age. In ocular rosacea, MGD is a recognised manifestation as is dyslipidaemia. Ocular rosacea can predate cutaneous disease. As yet, there is no directly reported evidence of the efficacy of the early identification and treatment of ocular rosacea with associated dyslipidaemia and systemic inflammation. We posit that MGD in ocular rosacea sufferers may be a marker for dysregulated cholesterol synthesis and inflammation, and that statins maybe a potential therapy. This article introduces potential strategies to utilise ocular rosacea MGD as a possible marker for ophthalmologists, cardiologists, and primary healthcare physicians to treat rosacea-associated dyslipidaemia and systemic inflammation. This could aid in overall cardiovascular morbidity and mortality control for rosacea sufferers, potentially at an earlier age, while also addressing their tear film de-stabilisation through cholesterol lowering and inflammation reduction.

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Characterization of meibomian gland dysfunction in patients with rosacea

Cited by 2 publications

References 24 publications

A comparative review of evaporative dry eye disease and meibomian gland dysfunction in dogs and humans

A comparative review of evaporative dry eye disease and meibomian gland dysfunction in dogs and humans

Rosacea Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Posterior Blepharitis May Be a Marker for Earlier Associated Dyslipidaemia and Inflammation Detection and Treatment with Statins

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