Potencial Energético Dos Resíduos Do Fruto Da Macaúba E Sua Utilização Na Produção De Carvão Vegetal

Abstract

RESUMOO uso da biomassa para fins energéticos tem sido destaque como forma de reduzir a dependência energética de fontes não renováveis. A macaúba, espécie Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Martius, é uma palmeira arborescente. Possui um grande potencial energético a partir do processamento de seus frutos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar os resíduos da macaúba após o processamento dos frutos, a fim de avaliar a sua utilização in natura e como carvão vegetal. O endocarpo apresentou teor de carbono fixo, poder calorífico e densidade a granel superiores, quando comparado aos demais resíduos e menores teores de cinza. O poder calorífico do carvão do endocarpo foi superior, enquanto que os teores de materiais voláteis do carvão do epicarpo apresentaram os maiores resultados. Todos os resíduos avaliados do processamento do fruto da macaúba têm potencial na geração de energia, especialmente o endocarpo e o epicarpo. O carvão do endocarpo possui características adequadas para sua utilização como fonte de energia e como redutor. Palavras-chave: Acrocomia aculeata; bioenergia; macaúba. ABSTRACTThe use of biomass for energy purposes has been highlighted in as a way to reduce dependence on nonrenewable energy sources. Macaw palm, Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Martius, is an arborescent palm and has a high energy potential from the fruit processing. The aim of this study was to characterize the macaw palm residues after the fruit processing to evaluate its use "in natura" and as charcoal. The endocarp showed higher fixed carbon content, heating value and bulk density compared with other residues and lower ashes content. The heating value of endocarp charcoal was the highest, whereas the volatile matter levels of epicarp charcoal showed higher results. All evaluated residues from the macaw palm fruit processing have potential in power generation, especially the endocarp and the epicarp. The endocarp charcoal has suitable characteristics as source of energy and as a reductant.

Genetic diversity of macaúba fruits from 35 municipalities of the state of Goiás, Brazil

“…This is in keeping with the reports made by Evaristo et al (2016), who affirm that macaúba plants in their natural environment have great genetic variability, and there is great dissimilarity of production between the individuals present in these areas. For the univariate analyses of variance, there was a significant effect of groups at 5% and 1% probability, and the 5% probability level was found only in the characteristics of percentage of oil in the almond and percentage of oil in the dry fruit (Table 2).…”

“…This is in keeping with the reports made by Evaristo et al (2016), who affirm that macaúba plants in their natural environment have great genetic variability, and there is great (1) Numbered list of the municipalities used in the survey.…”

“…ex Mart. -has been used as a raw material in the production of biofuels due to its high content of oil in the fruit, production of various energy residues, besides being a native perennial plant found naturally in almost all the Brazilian territory (Pimentel et al, 2015, Evaristo et al, 2016. The oil of the macaúba mesocarp is rich in oleic acid, and is demanded by both the food and the agroenergy industry (Coimbra & Jorge, 2011).…”

Morphological, Physiological and Nutritional Effects of Irrigation Frequency on Macaúba Palm Seedlings

“…Due to the oleaginous properties of the fruits (Evaristo et al, 2016), macaúba palm is considered one of the most promising crop species as a source of oil for the biofuel industry (biodiesel, bio-kerosene and others), cosmetics and food. Currently, two types of oils are produced; one of them is extracted from the endosperm, which represents approximately 15% of the total oil of the plant.…”

Biofuels from oilseed fruits using different thermochemical processes: opportunities and challenges

“…Hydrodynamic studies were also carried out in fluidized bed (at room temperature and under local atmospheric pressure), and optimal values were found for the minimum fluidization velocity and voidage of the biomass-inert binary mixtures. 124 According to research conducted by Evaristo et al 125 with residues from macauba fruits after oil extraction, the endocarp presented the lowest ash content and the highest fixed carbon content, and a HHV of 20.97 MJ kg −1 . For Villas Boas and co-workers, 90 the HHV determined for the endocarp was around 21.56 MJ kg −1 .…”