“…Other benefits include physical and psychological well-being (Langer, 1983) as well as interest, creativity, cognitive flexibility, better learning, and higher self-esteem (Deci & Ryan, 1987). In terms of costs, it has been suggested that autonomy can be a subtle form of control, in that individual employees become more accountable and responsible for their own performance (Alexander, 1991) and, therefore, to the extent to which individuals do not want accountability, autonomy can lead to negative outcomes. The perception that more autonomy in the job can result in more work, involving more difficult and uncomfortable decisions and greater stress (Spector, Dwyer, & Jex, 1988), can also lead to the perception of autonomy as an undesirable outcome.…”