“… Where, F 0 and F are the initial and final fluorescence intensities of the BSA– and HAG–NANA complexes, K b is the binding constant, and n is the binding sites of the protein–drug complex. Also, the free energy changes Δ G ° for the protein–drug complex were calculated using eq . Where, T is the temperature (298, 300, and 304 K), R is the gas constant (1.987 cal mol –1 K –1 ), enthalpy is Δ H °, entropy is Δ S °, free energy is Δ G °, and K b is the binding constant of BSA– and HAG–NANA complexes. − …”