Best available techniques in the fertilizer production industry: A Review

Gezerman, Ahmet Ozan; Çorbacıoğlu, Burcu Didem

doi:10.5155/eurjchem.7.2.243-247.1411

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Thus, they increase the corrosion resistance of the metal. However, it has been reported that a high flow density of complex substances can also be effective [30][31][32].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of novel additives for zinc-nickel alloy plating

Gezerman

2019

Eur J Chem

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The development of alternative coating material is important for the corrosion life of metals. Improving the corrosion resistance and decorative appearance of zinc-nickel coatings is gaining importance. Related physical properties can be provided by using various chemicals. Tetraethylamine, triethanolamine, gelatin, and p-aminobenzenesulfonic are the chemicals used in this study to evaluate corrosion resistance and decorative appearance.

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“…Thus, they increase the corrosion resistance of the metal. However, it has been reported that a high flow density of complex substances can also be effective [30][31][32].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of novel additives for zinc-nickel alloy plating

Gezerman

2019

Eur J Chem

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“…N 2 O emissions may be significantly decreased by utilizing emission abatement technologies, such as nonselective catalytic reduction (NSCR) . For example, a range of 0.12–1.85 kg N 2 O/t HNO 3 emissions were estimated for contemporary nitric acid plants. , Similarly, N 2 O emissions from nitric acid plants in the United States have dropped by 18% since 1990 (from 41 kt N 2 O or 12.1 MMT CO 2 -eq in 1990 to 34 kt N 2 O or 10.0 MMT CO 2 -eq in 2019), although output has grown by 12% over the same period . However, most of the nitric acid plants in the world do not use NSCR technology.…”

Section: Nitrogen Fertilizers Processes Decarbonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Net-Zero Emission Fertilizers Industry: Greenhouse Gas Emission Analyses and Decarbonization Solutions

et al. 2022

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The production of fertilizers has been evolving steadily in the last 300 years. It involves a high number of commodities and reagents that share a large portion of the costs and emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), particularly carbon dioxide (CO2). Phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium fertilizers components represent more than 200 million tonnes of production annually. Given that most of the fertilizer production process is dependent on fossil fuels as fuel and feedstock, the amount of CO2 generated is at least 3 tonnes CO2 per tonne of fertilizer. The introduction, in the future, of less intensive carbon technological components and lower energy-consuming separation and catalytic technologies in the fertilizers industry has the potential to reduce CO2 emissions drastically. In this review, we thoroughly analyze the GHG emissions of the fertilizers industry over time and explore pathways to achieve viable and sustainable decarbonization solutions. In the review, we also aim to explore, whenever information is available, the factors (sources) and the ranges of GHG emissions in the different value chains of fertilizer plants. As a result, an overview of the literature on GHG emissions from synthetic fertilizers (N, P, K) industries will be given. More emphasis is on emissions that stem from the extraction of raw materials to final fertilizer products (energy source, efficiency, and fertilizer type) and transportation of intermediates within different sites of the plants (vehicle type, fuel type, and efficiency). A perspective analysis on possible recommendations for future net-zero carbon emissions and carbon capture technologies is also made.

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“…The simplest method of producing uniform droplets is by discharging the molten or highly concentrated solution through an orifice nozzle, which is generally used in urea granular particle production . Gezerman and Corbacioglu reported that prilling tower height could affect the crystalline structure of ammonium nitrate prills. They correlated the residence time of the particle in the tower with their crystalline shape (cubic, tetragonal, and orthorhombic).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic design methodology for a prilling tower

Saleh

Ahmed²,

Al-Mosuli

et al. 2015

Can J Chem Eng

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A design methodology was developed for prilling towers based on simultaneous heat, mass, and momentum balances. Basic principles of the prilling process and related sub‐models were considered for production of relatively mono‐size prills. The method was employed in the design of a prilling tower for production of ammonium nitrate prills from a highly concentrated solution. A special showerhead spray, operating under laminar conditions in a Rayleigh jet break‐up regime, was designed to enhance production of mono‐size prills. Air was used at ambient conditions. The droplets leaving the showerhead fall through the air stream in a counter‐current fashion. Heat transfer from particles to air includes cooling in the fully liquid state, solidification, and cooling in the fully solid state. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation revealed the formation of a quiescent zone around the nozzle discharge region, which had a significant effect on decreasing the secondary disintegration of the droplets, and hence narrowed down the size distribution towards the desired value. The size of the produced prills was larger than the predicted value due to the formation of ammonia bubbles inside the prills.

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Best available techniques in the fertilizer production industry: A Review

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Effects of novel additives for zinc-nickel alloy plating

Effects of novel additives for zinc-nickel alloy plating

Toward Net-Zero Emission Fertilizers Industry: Greenhouse Gas Emission Analyses and Decarbonization Solutions

Basic design methodology for a prilling tower

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