M sub-shell X-ray fluorescence cross-section measurements in high Z elements with X-ray tube photon source

Abstract

KEYWORDS X-ray tube has been used for selective M sub-shell excitations in a single reflection set-up for Pt, Au, Pb, Th and U required for M sub-shell fluorescence cross-sections measurements. Weighted photon energy and total intensity of the incident flux between EM5 edge and tube anode voltage were evaluated following a specific procedure. Comparison of measured crosssections with the calculated ones from existing DHS/DF model based theoretical data on atomic parameters lend support to the present findings.M sub-shell X-rays Selective excitation Bremsstrahlung X-rays Variable energy photons X-ray tube photon source X-ray fluorescence cross-section

Cascade Mi (i = 1–5) subshell X‐ray emission at incident photon energies across the Lj (j = 1–3) subshell absorption edges of 66Dy

“…These measurements involved the creation of M i ( i = 1–5) subshell vacancies through the direct photoionization only. Most of these measurements were performed in air using radioisotopes, the X‐ray tubes with secondary exciter and the synchrotron radiation as photon source employing infinitely thick targets thereby resulting in large corrections due to the absorption of low energy (~1–3 keV) M shell X‐rays by the target itself and the air path between the target and the X‐ray detector. Therefore, the measured cross sections were not very reliable as these have large uncertainty due to use of theoretical total X‐ray mass‐attenuation coefficients for evaluating the absorption corrections.…”

“…The total/line resolved M shell XRP cross sections for some heavy elements (Z ≥ 70) measured at different incident photon energies in the range 6–12 keV ( ; / represent M 1 /L 3 subshell absorption edge energy) reported by different authors are available in the literature. These measurements involved the creation of M i ( i = 1–5) subshell vacancies through the direct photoionization only.…”