Abstract:This study reports the base-catalyzed aqueous sol-gel synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles. The solution was primarily comprised of zinc nitrate hexahydrate as a metal precursor, isopropyl alcohol and water as solvents, and glycerin as a stabilizing agent. The effect of calcination temperature on the structure and morphology of the prepared nanoparticles was investigated by varying the calcination temperature from 500 to 900 °C. The X-ray diffraction analysis, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis… Show more
“…The micrograph for ZNA-3 (Fig. 5 b) also illustrates irregular morphology however, the particles appear to be larger in size as compared to ZNA-1 due to the particle growth at higher calcination temperatures [ 35 ]. Fig.…”
Background
This study is aimed to synthesize nanosize zinc oxide by acid catalyzed sol–gel process using zinc nitrate hexahydrate as precursor, aqueous isopropanol as solvent and glycerin for making polyol system. The polyol mediated procedure was employed in combination with calcination induced synthesis of nanoparticles of numerous sizes obtained with the variation in calcination temperature from 500 to 900 ℃. The crystal structure of the prepared samples was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Infrared spectroscopy (IR) was used to identify the surface hydroxyl groups. Thermal stability was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry-thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA) whereas field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was used to study the surface morphology of nanoparticles.
Results
Results revealed the formation of hexagonal wurtzite structure of irregular shaped nanoparticles having size ranging from 50–100 nm. However, the particles combined to form agglomerates of 200–400 nm with the rise in calcination temperature.
Conclusions
These results indicate that nanosize zinc oxide can be synthesized successfully by a simple process comprising of glycerin as a low-cost, non-toxic and eco-friendly polyol followed by calcination at ambient temperatures.
“…The micrograph for ZNA-3 (Fig. 5 b) also illustrates irregular morphology however, the particles appear to be larger in size as compared to ZNA-1 due to the particle growth at higher calcination temperatures [ 35 ]. Fig.…”
Background
This study is aimed to synthesize nanosize zinc oxide by acid catalyzed sol–gel process using zinc nitrate hexahydrate as precursor, aqueous isopropanol as solvent and glycerin for making polyol system. The polyol mediated procedure was employed in combination with calcination induced synthesis of nanoparticles of numerous sizes obtained with the variation in calcination temperature from 500 to 900 ℃. The crystal structure of the prepared samples was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Infrared spectroscopy (IR) was used to identify the surface hydroxyl groups. Thermal stability was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry-thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA) whereas field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was used to study the surface morphology of nanoparticles.
Results
Results revealed the formation of hexagonal wurtzite structure of irregular shaped nanoparticles having size ranging from 50–100 nm. However, the particles combined to form agglomerates of 200–400 nm with the rise in calcination temperature.
Conclusions
These results indicate that nanosize zinc oxide can be synthesized successfully by a simple process comprising of glycerin as a low-cost, non-toxic and eco-friendly polyol followed by calcination at ambient temperatures.
“…The micrograph for ZNA-3 (Fig. 4b) also illustrates ake-like morphology however, the akes appear to be larger in size as compared to ZNA-1 due to the particle growth at higher calcination temperatures [27].…”
Section: Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopymentioning
Background
This study is aimed to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles by acid catalyzed sol-gel process using zinc nitrate hexahydrate as precursor, aqueous isopropanol as solvent and glycerin as stabilizing agent. The optimum conditions for preparing the sol were kept at pH 1 and 70 ºC temperature with constant stirring for two hours. The gel obtained after drying the sol was calcined at various temperatures i.e. 500 ºC, 700 ºC and 900 ºC. The crystal structure of the samples was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Thermal stability was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry-thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA). Infrared spectroscopy (IR) was employed to identify the surface hydroxyl groups whereas field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was used to study the surface morphology of nanoparticles.
Results
Results revealed the formation of hexagonal wurtzite structure of nanoparticles of size below 100 nm having flake-like morphology with a substantial increase in size of flakes with the increasing calcination temperature.
Conclusions
These results indicate that zinc oxide nanoflakes can be synthesized successfully by a simple, feasible and environment friendly process.
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