Does Rumination Cause “Inhibitory” Deficits?

Roberts, Henrietta; Watkins, Ed; Wills, Andy J.

doi:10.5127/pr.036914

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…Inhibition and switching were related to neurotic rumination, in support of our hypothesis. Switching, an EF, somewhat unexpectedly showed a moderate negative relationship to neurotic rumination, although some studies have found relationships between rumination and better scores on some aspects of EF ( 60 ). Alternatively, this could be a spurious relationship.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Longitudinal 5-Year Follow-Up Study of Cognitive Function After First Episode Major Depressive Disorder: Exploring State, Scar and Trait Effects

et al. 2020

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Major depression (MDD) is associated with cognitive deficits in processing speed and executive function (EF) following first episode (FE). It is unclear whether deficits are state or trait related. Studies following FE MDD over longer periods are lacking, making it uncertain how cognition and symptoms develop after the initial episode. The present study assessed cognitive function and symptoms 5 years following FE MDD. In addition, the study explored relationships between MDD symptoms, rumination, and cognitive deficits with regards to the trait, state, and scar perspective. Twenty-three participants with previous FE MDD, and 20 matched control participants were compared on Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System measures of processing speed and EF, in a 5-year longitudinal follow-up study. Correlations between current symptoms- and history of MDD, rumination, cognition were investigated. Findings indicated that cognitive deficits persisted with no clear signs of exacerbation after initial episode. Inhibition appeared independent of current and previous symptoms of depression. Processing speed was related to depressive- symptoms and rumination. In conclusion, results indicated persisting, stable deficits in both EFs and processing speed. Findings further suggest that depressive symptoms could be related to deficits in processing speed, indicating state effects. There was limited support for worsening of cognition after initial episode. Some aspects of EF like Inhibition could show persistent deficits independent of depressive symptoms indicating trait effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Longitudinal 5-Year Follow-Up Study of Cognitive Function After First Episode Major Depressive Disorder: Exploring State, Scar and Trait Effects

et al. 2020

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“…deficits in AC as vulnerability factors for rumination and subsequent depression). However, it is possible that these relationships are in fact bidirectional or mutually reinforcing (Roberts, Watkins, & Wills, 2016). The use of longitudinal and experimental designs in future studies may help to better elucidate these relationships.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does rumination mediate the relationship between attentional control and symptoms of depression?

DeJong

Fox

Stein

2019

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

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Background and objectives It has been suggested that impaired attentional control (AC) promotes the use of maladaptive emotional regulation strategies, such as rumination, with subsequent increase in risk of depression. Method This study examined this hypothesis in a healthy community sample. Questionnaire measures of depression, anxiety, rumination and self-reported AC (shifting and focusing) were used, as well as an attention performance task (Attention Network Task; ANT). Results While self-report and performance measures of AC were not significantly related, both depression and rumination were associated with reduced self-reported AC. Depression was specifically associated with poorer attentional shifting. Depression and brooding were also associated with better performance on the conflict component of the ANT. Importantly, the relationships of ANT conflict and self-reported AC to depression were mediated by brooding. Limitations The current study used a community sample, and it is unclear if results would generalise to a clinical population. All measures were taken concurrently and so it is not possible to confidently ascertain causality or direction of effects. Conclusions These results are consistent with the suggestion that impaired AC, particularly a narrow and inflexible attentional focus, may increase risk of depression by promoting ruminative thinking. The results highlight the importance of considering both self-report and performance measures of AC, as well as different components of attentional performance.

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“…Rumination is also considered to be "an intensely attention-demanding process," (Hertel, 2004, p. 187). The relationship between rumination and attention control has been reviewed by Whitmer and Gotlib (2013) and Roberts et al (2017). Both reviews highlight several studies that have demonstrated correlations between rumination and difficulties inhibiting or disengaging from irrelevant information.…”

Section: Internalizing Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of attention control in complex real-world tasks

Draheim

Pak²,

Draheim³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Working memory capacity is an important psychological construct and many real-world phenomena are strongly associated with individual differences in working memory functioning. Although working memory and attention are intertwined, several studies have recently shown that individual differences in the general ability to control attention is more strongly predictive of human behavior than working memory capacity. In this review, we argue that researchers would therefore generally be better suited to studying the role of attention control rather than memory-based abilities in explaining real-world behavior and performance in humans. The review begins with a discussion of relevant literature on the nature and measurement of both working memory capacity and attention control, including recent developments in the study of individual differences of attention control. We then selectively review existing literature on the role of both working memory and attention in various applied settings and explain, in each case, why a switch in emphasis to attention control is warranted. Topics covered include psychological testing, cognitive training, education, sports, police decision making, human factors, and disorders within clinical psychology. The review concludes with general recommendations and best practices for researchers interested in conducting studies of individual differences in attention control.

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Does Rumination Cause “Inhibitory” Deficits?

Cited by 13 publications

References 124 publications

A Longitudinal 5-Year Follow-Up Study of Cognitive Function After First Episode Major Depressive Disorder: Exploring State, Scar and Trait Effects

A Longitudinal 5-Year Follow-Up Study of Cognitive Function After First Episode Major Depressive Disorder: Exploring State, Scar and Trait Effects

Does rumination mediate the relationship between attentional control and symptoms of depression?

The role of attention control in complex real-world tasks

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