COVID-19 no Brasil: evolução da epidemia até a semana epidemiológica 20 de 2020

Abstract

Objective: to describe the evolution of COVID-19 in Brazil up until epidemiological week 20 of 2020. Methods: this is an ecological study based on data and official documents from the Brazilian Ministry of Health and international organizations; comparisons were made between Brazil and other countries and incidence and mortality rates were calculated. Results: by the end of epidemiological week 20, 233,142 cases, and 15,633 deaths had been confirmed for Brazil as a whole and 3,240 (58.2%) of the country's municipalities had reported at least one case; Brazil was at an earlier phase of the pandemic when compared to other countries, except Russia and Turkey, regarding cumulative cases, and except Canada regarding cumulative deaths; the highest rates were found in Brazil's Northern Region states, where Amazonas state had the highest incidence rates(4,474.6/1,000,000) and mortality rates (331.8/1,000,000). Conclusion: Brazil is one of the countries with the highest number of confirmed cases and deaths, with marked regional differences.

Intervalo de tempo decorrido entre o início dos sintomas e a realização do exame para COVID-19 nas capitais brasileiras, agosto de 2020*

“…Other studies conducted in February 2020 in the large Chinese cities of Wuhan and Shanghai found fewer notifications among children, who tested less, perhaps because schools were closed early and there having been school holidays during this period. [11][12][13][14][15] According to the e-SUS Notifica records analyzed in this study, RT-PCR and the antibody rapid tests were the tests most performed in Brazil. This fact may have arisen from the Health Ministry's efforts to comply with the WHO recommendation to increase the number of COVID-19 diagnosis tests.…”

“…This occurs because SARS-CoV-2 infection begins in the lungs and not in the upper respiratory tract. 15,17 A study involving 173 people with COVID-19 admitted to the Shenzen Hospital in China between January 11 th and February 9 th 2020, identified that after the seventh day RT-PCR positivity begins to fall, falling as much as 45% between the 15 th and 39 th day after symptom onset. 18,19 In our study we found that RT-PCR tests were performed on approximately half the notified cases within the recommended time period of 3 to 7 days, in particular in the Northeast, North e Midwest regions.…”

Nutritional therapy in hospital care of in-patients with Covid-19: evidence, consensus and practice guidelines

“…Although the pandemic originated in Southeast Asia and first spread to the European continent, currently, the region of the Americas corresponds to more than half of the disease cases recorded in the world, both in terms of prevalence and number of deaths. Almost 1/3 of these cases have occurred in Brazil, according to data published by the Ministry of Health, leaving Brazil in a prominent position in the framework of the pandemic [2,3]. Data released at a press conference of the Brazilian Ministry of Health, held in August 2020, indicated that 50% of the hospitalization rate for severe acute respiratory syndrome was associated with Covid-19 patients, a rate that corresponded to less than 10% of patients confirmed cases until the date of the assessment [2].…”

“…The Covid-19 pandemic poses challenges to healthcare teams around the world. Even if the hospitalization rates correspond to less than 10% of the total cases, in absolute numbers they are still quite significant [3]. The protocols and recommendations for hospital nutritional care have COVID-19 HOSPITAL NUTRITIONAL THERAPY 3 https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865202033e200212 undergone adaptations for the care of infected patients, aiming, above all, to contain contamination between patients and professionals.…”

Prevention measures against COVID-19 performed by people with diabetes mellitus

“…[5] Brazil has the largest number of people with diabetes in Latin America, reaching 16.5 million [6] and is among the countries with the highest number of confirmed cases and deaths caused by COVID-19. [7] Diabetes can worsen the severity of infections, [8] showing a relationship with greater weight loss and greater lung inflammation, with macrophage infiltrates, [8] especially in a new virus and disease.…”