Malária entre povos indígenas na fronteira Brasil-Guiana Francesa, entre 2007 e 2016: um estudo descritivo*

Mendes, A. M. S.; Lima, Marilene da Silva; Maciel, Anaytatyana Góes Peixoto; Menezes, Rubens Alex de Oliveira; Eugenio, Nádia C. C.

doi:10.5123/s1679-49742020000200012

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In this format, indigenous people have a greater parasitic load than that of non-indigenous people. This demonstrates that because they live in places more vulnerable to mosquito breeding sites, they are more exposed to bites, or their immune system is not as competent in containing the multiplication of parasites after infection 4 . In addition, the lack or difficulties in health access must be pointed out to obtain a diagnosis and treatment with antimalarial drugs 3 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, although there has been an expansion of indigenous health care in Brazil, access to health facilities is still hampered, either by the geographic isolation of remote areas or the shortage of professionals available to work in these areas 3 . Furthermore, other factors are being identified as malaria-associated regardless of ethnicities (indigenous or non-indigenous), such as socio-economic and environmental issues, mining and mineral prospection areas, migratory and housing conditions, and occupational activities, which are directly linked to increased malaria transmission in the Amazon region 4 . In 2017, the Legal Amazon reported 99% of malaria cases in the country, with 42% of these cases registered in the state of Amazonas 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Malaria in indigenous and non-indigenous patients aged under 15 years between 2007-2018, Amazonas state, Brazil

Aguiar

Meireles

Monteiro

et al. 2022

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Background: Malaria is a serious problem in children because the immune system is less developed, thus, causing more severe symptoms. This study aimed to identify factors associated with malaria in indigenous and non-indigenous patients aged under 15 years in Amazonas, Brazil, from 2007 to 2018.Methods: An epidemiological, quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted. Cases included patients aged under 15 years, using data from health system notifications between 2007 and 2018 in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. The variables included clinical-epidemiological, laboratory findings, and monitoring of cases. The outcome was ethnicity: indigenous, non-indigenous, and entries for which no ethnicity data were provided. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to compare the indigenous and non-indigenous populations.Results: Among malaria cases in patients aged under 15 years, there was a greater chance of being indigenous and having the following associated factors: female sex, children aged 0-4 years, passive case surveillance, a high load of parasitemia and the lack of data regarding the level of parasitemia, Plasmodium falciparum infections were more frequent, and timeliness of treatment, i.e., the interval between the onset of symptoms and time of treatment was within 48 hours. Conclusions:The factors associated with malaria are more frequent in indigenous populations and highlight differences according to ethnicity, suggesting that the severity of the disease is attributable to the increased number of malarial infections within this population. As a result, malaria has a greater impact on the health of indigenous people.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria in indigenous and non-indigenous patients aged under 15 years between 2007-2018, Amazonas state, Brazil

Aguiar

Meireles

Monteiro

et al. 2022

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…On the SIVEP-Malaria system, parasitemias were quanti ed by plus system scale, presented in crosses to facilitate presentation and explanation. In this format, indigenous people have greater parasitic load than other races, which demonstrates that, because they live in places more vulnerable to mosquito breeding sites, they can be more parasitized due to the abundance of bites, or their immune system is not as competent in containing the multiplication of parasites after infection 24 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated With Malaria in Indigenous Children Between 2007 - 2018, Amazonas State, Brazil

Aguiar¹,

Meireles²,

Monteiro³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: malaria is a serious problem in the Amazonas state, especially in areas near forests. Indigenous populations living in these areas are very vulnerable to malaria infection. In addition, the disease severely affects children because their immune system is less well developed, and thus causes more severe symptoms. Therefore, the intersection between these two groups, indigenous people and children, is characterized by an important public health problem. The objective is to identify the factors associated with malaria in indigenous children in the Amazonas state, Brazil, from 2007 to 2018.Methods: This is an epidemiological, quantitative and cross-sectional study involving children under 15 years, and using data from health system notifications between 2007 and 2018, with the Amazonas state, Brazil, as a place of residence and probable infection setting. The variables are clinical-epidemiological, laboratorial and case follow-up, which were analyzed then stratified as to whether the case involved indigenous children or those of other races and entries for which no race data was given. The estimation of Odds Ratio with a confidence interval was obtained by multivariate logistic regression. Results: the factors associated with malaria in indigenous children were attributed to being of the female sex, age from 0 to 4 years, passive case surveillance, high load of parasitemia or lack of data regarding the level of parasitemia, parasitic forms containing Plasmodium falciparum were more frequent, as well as timeliness of treatment, which corresponds to the time between the onset of symptoms and the start of treatment being less than 48 hours. Conclusion: the factors associated with malaria in indigenous children highlight the difference in race, suggest more severity of the disease and more malarial infections in this population, and, as a result, malaria has a great impact on the health of the indigenous children.

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“…Between 2017 and 2019, gold mining destroyed 25,315 acres of land across three indigenous territories-Munduruku, Yanomami, and Kayapó-located in Brazil's Legal Amazon (BLA). As of 2020, there were over 20,000 miners reported on indigenous Yanomami reserves, mostly in Roraima state (35). As illegal mining on indigenous lands surged over time, there were increases in number of malaria cases among indigenous people, and in the proportion of cases reporting timber/ shing as their primary occupation, from 6.88-21.44% between 2016 and 2020, the primary occupation of most indigenous people in the area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Transmission Dynamics Among Migrant, Indigenous and Mining Populations in a Malaria Hotspot in Northern Brazil: 2016 to 2020

Wetzler¹,

Marchesini²,

Villegas³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background Roraima state is the northernmost state in Brazil and the primary border-crossing point between Brazil and Venezuela. The uncontrolled surge of malaria in Venezuela, coupled with mass migration of Venezuelans to and from neighbouring countries and the uptick in informal mining in Roraima state, pose a serious threat to the broader region, especially to migrant, indigenous and mining populations, jeopardizing malaria elimination efforts. This study describes changes in the epidemiological profile of malaria in Roraima State related to time, place and populations at risk from 2016 to 2020. Methods De-identified malaria surveillance data were obtained from the Malaria Epidemiological Surveillance System from 2016 to 2020. Pearson’s chi-square tested different between imported and autochthonous cases. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for imported versus autochthonous cases by demographic characteristics. Results Odds of being an imported case were higher Plasmodium falciparum cases (AOR = 2.08). However, as the number of cases from Venezuela decreased in 2020 following closure of the border, the proportion of Plasmodium falciparum cases increased markedly, from 6.24% in 2019 to 18.50% in 2020. Over the 5-year period, the odds of being an imported case among miners were about nine times higher than the general population (AOR = 8.99). The proportion of total malaria cases that were among indigenous people increased from 33.09% in 2016 to 54.83% in 2020. Indigenous children had a higher burden of malaria with over 40% of cases in children 0 to 9 years old, compared to 8% in non-indigenous children 0 to 9 years old. In some municipalities, place of infection differed from place of notification, with a large proportion of cases in these municipalities reporting in Boa Vista. Conclusions Malaria remains a serious threat in Roraima state, especially among high-risk populations, such as miners, migrants, and indigenous people. As malaria cases have increased among indigenous people, miners, and the proportion of Plasmodium falciparum cases has increased, elimination efforts require understanding of these risk factors to tailor interventions appropriately. Furthermore, cross-border surveillance systems need to be urgently strengthened at formal and unofficial border points, especially since the border with Venezuela reopened in July 2021.

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Malária entre povos indígenas na fronteira Brasil-Guiana Francesa, entre 2007 e 2016: um estudo descritivo*

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Malaria in indigenous and non-indigenous patients aged under 15 years between 2007-2018, Amazonas state, Brazil

Malaria in indigenous and non-indigenous patients aged under 15 years between 2007-2018, Amazonas state, Brazil

Factors Associated With Malaria in Indigenous Children Between 2007 - 2018, Amazonas State, Brazil

Changing Transmission Dynamics Among Migrant, Indigenous and Mining Populations in a Malaria Hotspot in Northern Brazil: 2016 to 2020

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