Estratégias e resultados da vacinação no enfrentamento da epidemia de sarampo no estado do Ceará, 2013-2015

Abstract

This study describes the experience and results of the vaccination strategies developed for tackling the measles outbreak in Ceará State, Brazil, from December 2013 to September 2015. Strategies of routine vaccination, community immunity, and vaccination campaigns were conducted, along with searching of unvaccinated people, through rapid monitoring of immunization coverage and scanning. To describe the results, primary data collected in field activities and secondary data on vaccination in a population aged from six months to 49 years, available at the Information System of the National Immunization Program (IS-NIP), were used. The immunization coverage achieved was of >95%. However, this coverage is only administrative and may not represent reality, hence the importance of implementing the nominal information system of the National Immunization Program.

Utilização e perda de doses de vacinas na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul: um estudo descritivo de 2015-2017*

“…5,10 Brazil has moved forward with enhancing its Health Information Systems and SI-PNI is evidence of this. 23 However, there are still limitations, as identified by this study. The national (public access) SI-PNI database does not enable direct analysis of vaccine wastage, so that information has to be cross-tabulated with another database, i.e.…”

Indicadores de cobertura vacinal para classificação de risco de doenças imunopreveníveis

“…Um estudo realizado no estado do Ceará evidenciou que alguns de seus municípios, no ano de 2015, também apresentaram baixa cobertura para a tríplice viral (sarampo, rubéola e caxumba) e apresentaram casos confirmados de sarampo (24) . Há algumas justificativas para o surgimento desses surtos, as quais se referem, justamente, à importação de casos, à alta transmissibilidade dessas doenças e à falta de homogeneidade das coberturas vacinais, fazendo com que uma parcela da população fique suscetível (25) .…”

Atuação de equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família frente à epidemia de sarampo em Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil

“…The measles virus was identified in 38 (20.7%) of the state's 184 municipalities and transmission continued for 20 months. 1 The reemergence of measles was a big setback for Public Health, showing that the disease continues to be a real threat that requires continuous surveillance and new forms of response in order for it not to be once more, as it was in the 1970s, the leading cause of death among vaccine-preventable diseases in childhood. 6 Of noteworthy importance is the Family Health Strategy, as the entry point to the health system, with regard to prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases and promotion of health education and disease surveillance within its catchment area.…”

“…The José Paracampos Primary Health Care (PHC) Unit is located within the 5 th Regional Coordinating Body (CORES V), and is the city's second largest CORES after CORES VI in terms of geographic size. However, CORES V has the densest population, namely 83.5 inhab./ha, 1 and has one of the city's lowest human development indices (HDI): 0.44. CORES V covers 18 official neighborhoods and in relation to measles it is important to note that it has the highest proportion of young people, with 44% of its residents being under 20 years old.…”

“…around 314 deaths/day or 13 deaths/hour. 1 While measles was eliminated in the Americas in 2016, it continues to be a Public Health problem, especially in Europe and Asia, where its occurrence is endemic and outbreaks are frequent. This epidemiological scenario imposes the need to maintain high and homogenous vaccination coverage and constant epidemiological surveillance, even in countries where the virus no longer circulates.…”