Efeito da idade relativa na antropometria, maturação biológica e desempenho em jovens futebolistas

Abstract

The study examined the presence of the relative age effect (RAE) and association between birth quartile and anthropometry, biological maturation and physical and technical performance of young Brazilian soccer players. The sample included 119 male players, 74 of U-15 category and 45 of U-17 category, which were divided into quartiles according to the birth year. Biological maturation was assessed using the method of skeletal age of Fels. Anthropometric measurements included body weight, stature and subcutaneous adiposity. Physical fitness assessment included strength tests in the lower limbs, speed, aerobic endurance and anaerobic power. Technical skills included ball control, dribbling and kicking accuracy. Overall, 65.5% of soccer players were born on the first half of the year (c 2 = 8.069, p = 0.04); however, in the analysis by category, there was no significant difference in the distribution of birth dates for quartile when compared with the reference population (U-15: c 2 =6.322, p=0.10; U-17: c 2 =2.339, p=0.50). MANCOVA revealed no significant differences between anthropometry, biological maturation and physical and technical performance in both competitive categories. These results suggest that there is a higher proportion of young Brazilian soccer born on the first months of the year, but that RAE does not necessarily constitute an advantage under the anthropometric, physical and technical standpoint. The process of biological maturation of individuals should be considered by coaches in the selection of athletes.Resumo -O estudo teve como propósito investigar a presença do efeito da idade relativa e a influência do quartil de nascimento na antropometria, maturação biológica e desempenho físico e técnico de jovens futebolistas. Foram amostrados 119 futebolistas do sexo masculino, sendo 74 da categoria infantil (sub-15) e 45 da categoria juvenil (sub-17). A data de nascimento dos atletas foi dividida em quatro quartis. Foram avaliadas a massa corporal, a estatura e as dobras cutâneas. A maturação biológica foi acedida através da idade esquelética, pelo método de Fels. O desempenho físico incluiu testes de força de membros inferiores, velocidade, resistência aeróbica e potência anaeróbica. O desempenho técnico foi avaliado pelas provas de controle da bola, condução da bola e precisão de chute. No geral, 65,5% dos futebolistas nasceram no primeiro semestre do ano (c 2 =8,069, p=0,04), porém, na análise por categoria, não houve diferença significante na distribuição das datas de nascimento por quartil quando comparado com a população de referência (sub-15: c 2 =6,322, p=0,10; sub-17: c 2 =2,339, p=0,50). A MANCOVA não revelou diferenças significantes entre os quartis na antropometria, maturação biológica e desempenho físico e técnico em ambas as categorias competitivas. Estes resultados sugerem que existe maior proporção de jovens futebolistas brasileiros nascidos nos primeiros meses do ano, mas que o EIR não constitui necessariamente uma vantagem sob o ponto de vista antropométrico, físico e técnico. Os pr...

Relative Age Effect on Youth Female Volleyball Players: A Pilot Study on Its Prevalence and Relationship With Anthropometric and Physiological Characteristics

“…The similar anthropometric and physiological characteristics among BQ were in agreement with the absence of RAE in the present study. This relationship has been examined previously in soccer, where some studies supported an association between BQ and these characteristics, i.e., “early born” showed superior characteristics than “late born” (Pedretti and Seabra, 2015; Altimari et al, 2018), whereas other studies did not observe differences (De Oliveira Matta et al, 2015; Junior et al, 2015; Lovell et al, 2015; Skorski et al, 2016; Peña-González et al, 2018). An explanation of the similar anthropometric and physiological characteristics among BQ might be the role of maturation as a covariate (Lovell et al, 2015; Peña-González et al, 2018).…”

“…Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine (a) the prevalence of RAE in selected and non-selected female volleyball players, and (b) the relationship of RAE with anthropometric and physiological characteristics. Based on relevant research in soccer (Buchheit et al, 2014; De Oliveira Matta et al, 2015), it was hypothesized that RAE would be observed in volleyball players, “early born” would have superior anthropometric and physiological characteristics than “late born” volleyball players, and RAE would have larger magnitude in selected than non-selected volleyball players. For the purpose of this study, “selected” referred to volleyball players who were selected by national team coaches to be considered for the national team of their age group.…”

The Yo-Yo Intermittent Tests: A Systematic Review and Structured Compendium of Test Results

“…Computation of YYIR2 test global means, SDs and quantiles (Figure 3) involved 116 studies/subgroups reporting on 2,478 participants (median age = 23.2 years, IQR = 20.7–26.0 years) (Young et al, 2005; De Souza et al, 2006; Krustrup et al, 2006; Thomas et al, 2006; Mohr et al, 2007, 2016; Iaia et al, 2008, 2015, 2017; Morton et al, 2009; Rampinini et al, 2010; Rebelo et al, 2010; Thomassen et al, 2010; Christensen et al, 2011; Chuman et al, 2011; Mooney et al, 2011, 2013a,b; Roberts et al, 2011; Ueda et al, 2011; Gunnarsson et al, 2012; Ingebrigtsen et al, 2012, 2013, 2014; Nakamura et al, 2012; Saunders et al, 2012; Wells et al, 2012, 2014; Bassini et al, 2013; Buchheit et al, 2013; McGawley and Andersson, 2013; Mohr and Krustrup, 2013, 2014, 2016; Owen et al, 2013; Pivovarniček et al, 2013; Yuki et al, 2013; Fanchini et al, 2014; Karavelioglu et al, 2014; Lollo et al, 2014; Miloski et al, 2014; Nunes et al, 2014; Sampaio et al, 2014; Skovgaard et al, 2014; Brocherie et al, 2015a,b; Cholewa et al, 2015; Coelho et al, 2015; Gatterer et al, 2015; Hogarth et al, 2015a,b; Jamurtas et al, 2015; Krustrup and Mohr, 2015; Leme et al, 2015; Mara et al, 2015; Matta et al, 2015; McLean et al, 2015; Michalsik et al, 2015; Mohr, 2015; Rogan, 2015; Stein et al, 2015; Boer and Van Aswegen, 2016; Bouaziz et al, 2016; Chan et al, 2016; Inness et al, 2016; Joo, 2016; Kilit and Arslan, 2016; Lockie et al, 2016a,b,...…”

Análise de indicadores de aptidão física em atletas de futebol de diferentes funções táticas

“…O processo fisiológico de crescimento e desenvolvimento na infância e adolescência produz alterações morfológicas e funcionais que se refletem no perfil de aptidão física nessa faixa etária (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). Essas modificações podem afetar algumas qualidades físicas e habilidades motoras essenciais na prática do futebol e outras atividades esportivas (6)(7)(8)(9).…”