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Cited by 8 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…The MD advancement towards resource recovery (simultaneous recovery of fresh water and minerals) is imperative. However, existing MD membranes are prone to fouling and wetting leading to performance deterioration [ 29 ]. Accordingly, membrane cleaning protocols are employed.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The MD advancement towards resource recovery (simultaneous recovery of fresh water and minerals) is imperative. However, existing MD membranes are prone to fouling and wetting leading to performance deterioration [ 29 ]. Accordingly, membrane cleaning protocols are employed.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Membrane modification arose to address concerns surrounding fouling and wetting, thus exploring various additives. Moreover, modified membranes are characterized by improved structural integrity and selectivity among other physical properties [ 29 ]. Likewise, porous membranes are produced through modification processes.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Metal oxide NPs such as SiO 2 , TiO 2 , ZnO, Al 2 O 3, and carbon NPs like carbon nanotube (CNT), activated carbon, and graphene-based NPs are extensively used to improve the MD membranes properties [30]. Nanomaterials are used in membrane modification for the improvement of salt rejection and permeate flux [31,32]. The integration of the nanomaterials results in the formation of hierarchical structures, i.e., micro and nano, on the membrane surface, which improves the roughness on the membrane surface [33].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Hence, pristine polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes are often undergoing further treatment or modification to obtain the targeted properties to upgrade MD performance 19,20 . Furthermore, nanomaterials have been extensively investigated in MD membrane modification to produce membranes with optimized characteristics that suit the application of MD 21 . Nano‐silica is one of the important hydrophilic particles that has been studied and applied in numerous applications.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%