Thermophysical properties of seawater: a review of existing correlations and data

Sharqawy, Mostafa H.; Lienhard, John H.; Zubair, Syed M.

doi:10.5004/dwt.2010.1079

Cited by 1,087 publications

(560 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…By properly evaluating BPE for each e ect as a function of temperature and salinity, A e can be more accurately calculated. Additionally, modifying the El-Sayed and Darwish models by calculating BPE at each e ect using the correlation provided by Sharqawy et al [28] results in the two models' prediction of SA to agree with the present model within 10% (Fig. 8).…”

Section: E Ect Of Number Of E Ectsmentioning

confidence: 94%

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An improved model for multiple effect distillation

Mistry

Antar

Lienhard

2013

Desalination and Water Treatment

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Increasing global demand for fresh water is driving research and development of advanced desalination technologies. As a result, a detailed model of multiple e ect distillation (MED) is developed that is exible, simple to implement, and suitable for use in optimization of water and power cogeneration systems. The MED system is modeled in a modular method in which each of the subcomponents is modeled individually and then instantiated as necessary in order to piece together the complete plant model. Modular development allows for studying various MED con gurations (such as forward feed, parallel feed, etc.) with minimal code duplication. Through a parametric analysis, it is found that the present model compares very well with the simple model provided by El-Sayed and Silver while providing substantially more detail in regards to the various temperature pro les within the MED system. Further, the model is easier to implement than the detailed El-Dessouky model while relying on fewer assumptions.The increased detail of the model allows for proper sensitivities to key variables related to input, operating, and design conditions necessary for use in a cogeneration or hybrid system optimization process.

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Section: E Ect Of Number Of E Ectsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Seawater, approximated as an incompressible uid, properties are evaluated as a function of temperature and salinity [28]. All liquid water states are modeled using this seawater property package: pure water is modeled as seawater with 0 salinity.…”

Section: Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved model for multiple effect distillation

Mistry

Antar

Lienhard

2013

Desalination and Water Treatment

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“…Literature values and correlations of the osmotic coefficient and osmotic pressure for diluted seawater with a salinity of 10 g/kg and below which adhere to this proper physical limit are difficult to find. Therefore, an extension of the correlation provided by Sharqawy et al [55] is proposed by use of the theoretical expression for the osmotic coefficient given in Eq. (A.8), Brønsted's equation [56]:…”

Section: A2 Derivation Of Nonlinear Osmotic Pressure Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A correlation for the osmotic coefficient of seawater is given by Sharqawy et al [55] and is valid between 0 and 200 o C and for salinities between 10 and 120 g/kg. The osmotic coefficient for a mixture, as described by Debye-Hückel theory, approaches a value of 1 with decreasing salinity and does so independently of temperature.…”

Section: A2 Derivation Of Nonlinear Osmotic Pressure Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness-mass transfer units (ε-MTU) model of a reverse osmosis membrane mass exchanger

Banchik

Sharqawy

Lienhard

2014

Journal of Membrane Science

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A strong analogy exists between heat exchangers and osmotic mass exchangers. The effectiveness -number of transfer units (-NTU) method is well-known for the sizing and rating of heat exchangers. A similar method, called the effectiveness -mass transfer units (ε-MTU) method, is developed for reverse osmosis (RO) mass exchangers. Governing equations for an RO mass exchanger are nondimensionalized assuming ideal membrane characteristics and a linearized form of the osmotic pressure function for seawater. A closed form solution is found which relates three dimensionless groups: the number of mass transfer units, which is an effective size of the exchanger; a pressure ratio, which relates osmotic and hydraulic pressures; and the recovery ratio, which is the ratio of permeate to inlet feed flow rates. A novel performance parameter, the effectiveness of an RO exchanger, is defined as a ratio of the recovery ratio to the maximum recovery ratio. A one-dimensional numerical model is developed to correct for the effects of feed-side external concentration polarization and nonlinearities in osmotic pressure as a function of salinity. A comparison of model results to experimental data found in the literature resulted in an average error of less than 7.8%. The analytical ε-MTU model can be used for design or performance evaluation of RO membrane mass exchangers. Keywords

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“…Conduction is modelled by the application of Fourier's law of conduction to a radial system. The thermo-fluidic properties of seawater are calculated for each element using correlations developed by Sharqawy et al [30].…”

Section: Transmission Pipeline: Friction Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steady-state analysis of a conceptual offshore wind turbine driven electricity and thermocline energy extraction plant

Buhagiar

Sant

2014

Renewable Energy

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a b s t r a c tA system for using offshore wind energy to generate electricity and simultaneously extract thermal energy is proposed. This concept is based on an offshore wind turbine driven hydraulic pump supplying deep seawater under high pressure to a land based plant consisting of a hydroelectric power generation unit and heat exchanger. A steady-state system model is developed using empirical formulae. The mathematical model comprises the fundamental system sub-models that are categorised as the rotor, hydraulic pump, pipeline, hydroelectric turbine and heat exchanger. A means for modelling the seawater temperature field across a two-dimensional bathymetry is also discussed. These mathematical models are integrated into a computational tool and a brief parametric static analysis is undertaken. The results illustrate the effect of pipeline diameter, rotational speed of the grid connected hydroelectric turbine, and the turbine distance from shore on the overall performance of the system. Through adequate parameter selection, the total rate of energy output for such a system, consisting of both electricity and thermal energy, is shown to increase by as much as 84%, when compared to a conventional wind turbine having an identical rotor diameter but which supplies only electrical energy.

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Thermophysical properties of seawater: a review of existing correlations and data

Cited by 1,087 publications

References 71 publications

An improved model for multiple effect distillation

An improved model for multiple effect distillation

Effectiveness-mass transfer units (ε-MTU) model of a reverse osmosis membrane mass exchanger

Steady-state analysis of a conceptual offshore wind turbine driven electricity and thermocline energy extraction plant

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