Comparison of efficiency and reproductive aptitude indexes between a reference and field strains of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, in Sinaloa, Mexico

Camacho, Soila Maribel Gaxiola; García-Vázquez, Zeferino; Cruz-Vázquez, Carlos; Loera, Jesús José Portillo; Vázquez-Peláez, Carlos G.; Quintero-Martínez, M. T.; Rosario-Cruz, Rodrigo

doi:10.4322/rbpv.01804002

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Mean RAI was 1.1 for A. integrum, which is lower than that of REI. If all the eggs laid by any female which oviposit, did not hatch, the RAI generally shows a lower value than REI (Gaxiola-Camacho et al 2009). Percent eclosion was found to be 48.0 % where more than half of the eggs laid by females did not successfully hatch.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Life cycle of Amblyomma integrum (Acari: Ixodidae) under laboratory conditions

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Amblyomma integrum is a hard tick infesting mainly buffalo and cattle and has been identified as an agent of human otoacariasis in Sri Lanka. Data on the life cycle pattern of A. integrum were collected by experimental infestation on New Zealand white rabbits under laboratory conditions. Wild-caught females laid 55-7389 eggs for 2-35 days after spending a latent period of 10-25 days. Egg incubation period was 31-105 days and the newly emerged larvae started feeding after 4-11 days. Larvae dropped off after feeding and they moulted into nymphs after 10-16 days. Nymphs actively fed on rabbits for 4-8 days and dropped off. Engorged nymphs took 11-25 days for moulting before emerging as adults. The male:female sex ratio of the adults moulted under laboratory conditions was 11:9. All the stages showed periodicity in engorgement and dropping off. The three-host life cycle was completed within 74-245 days with an average of 152.9 days. The mean Reproductive Efficiency Index (REI) and Reproductive Aptitude Index (RAI) were 3.6 and 1.1, respectively. Females hatched in the laboratory did not successfully feed on New Zealand white rabbits. The wild-caught females which fed on buffaloes had prolonged pre-oviposition and oviposition periods, low REI, low RAI and low eclosion under controlled laboratory conditions compared to other tick species. Although larva and nymphs of A. integrum successfully fed on New Zealand white rabbits under laboratory conditions, full life cycle was not completed because the adult females did not feed on rabbits.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Life cycle of Amblyomma integrum (Acari: Ixodidae) under laboratory conditions

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…An acaricide susceptible (Su) R. microplus tick strain, previously reported [ 21 , 22 ] and a multiple acaricide-resistant tick strain dubbed San Alfonso (SA) [ 23 ] were used in this study. This strain has been maintained by continuous infestation of restrained bovines under controlled conditions without exposure to pyrethroids for the last 17 years and designated for records as the San Alfonso (SA) strain for the name of the ranch where it was originally isolated; notably, in spite of the absence of pyrethroid pressure, the ticks are still exhibiting a pyrethroid resistance phenotype according to the larval package bioassays.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological evidence that three known mutations in the para-sodium channel gene confer cypermethrin knockdown resistance in Rhipicephalus microplus

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Acaricide resistance is a central problem for the control of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus. The physiological effects and phenotypes of the mutations that cause acaricide resistance are not always well understood or characterized. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that confer cypermethrin knockdown resistance (kdr) have been reported in R. microplus. These SNPs have been associated and correlated with pyrethroid resistance although there is no direct physiological evidence that their presence does confer kdr in this organism. Methods: Resistant and susceptible strain resistance profiles were obtained using the larval packet discriminating dose assay. The relevant genomic regions of the para-sodium channel were amplified using standard PCR; SNPs were detected by sequencing the corresponding amplicons. Ovary response to cypermethrin exposure/treatment was evaluated using videometrical analysis. Results: We found that the pyrethroid resistance trait is stable in a resistant reference strain after years without selection, suggesting that the resistance conferring mutations are fixed in the population. In this strain, a change in the structure of the pre-synaptic para-sodium channel caused by the G184C, the C190A and the T2134A SNPs appears to confer resistance. These mutations are absent in the susceptible strain used as control. We demonstrate that cypermethrin blocks ovary contraction in cypermethrin-susceptible ticks. We also show that ovaries from organisms that carry the kdr associated SNPs still contract at cypermethrin concentrations that completely block ovary contraction in the susceptible strain. The configuration of the experimental system excludes a xenobiotic detoxification mechanism. Conclusions: This is the first report that presents physiological evidence that the presence of the G184C, the C190A, and the T2134A mutations in the para-sodium channel correlates with maintaining muscle contractility in R. microplus exposed to cypermethrin. These SNPs may confer cypermethrin resistance in this organism by avoiding presynaptic blockage, inhibiting the flaccid muscle paralysis characteristic of this acaricide. The videometric assay that we previously validated can be used to detect more rapidly than other assays that involve larval mortality kdr-like cypermethrin resistant tick strains, permitting to directly assay adult pre-engorged females after they are collected on the field without waiting until eggs are laid and larvae eclose.

show abstract

“…The "Media Joya" colony of R. microplus was originally collected from the Tapalpa Municipality, Jalisco State, Mexico (28,29) , and is routinely maintained through passages in tick-borne disease-free steers at the CENID-PAVET. The colony efficiently transmits multiple A. marginale strains, including the Tlapacoyan-2 strain (21) .…”

Section: Pathogen and Vector Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of Anaplasma marginale by unfed Rhipicephalus microplus tick larvae under experimental conditions

Estrada

García-Ortiz

Torre

et al. 2020

Rev. Mex. Cienc. Pecu.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The current description of biological transmission of Anaplasma marginale by Rhipicephalus microplus ticks, includes of the biological intrastadial and transstadial transmission. Both transovarian transmission of Anaplasma from engorged ticks to their progeny and, transmission from infected unfed larvae to the mammalian host is controversial. In order to demonstrate vertical transmission of A. marginale by R. microplus ticks under experimental conditions, feed-acquisition infected engorged females were incubated at 18 °C or 28 °C for oviposition. Larvae hatched from these ticks were used to infest two steers for each incubation temperature. None of the four steers infested with either lot of larvae developed clinical disease, yet subclinical infection was observed in the steers infested with larvae from engorged ticks incubated at 28 °C for hatching. gDNA from, larvae used for the infection of the carrier tick donor, gDNA from larvae oviposited at 28 ºC, gDNA from blood of A. marginale-positive steers, were positive for amplification of msp5 and msp1α the variable region by PCR. All other DNA samples from the original stabilate, blood from the donor steer, larvae from ticks incubated at 28 °C and blood from steers infested with these same larvae were positive to both, msp5 and msp1α PCR. msp1α sequences of all PCR products were the same and are consistent with previously reported Tlapacoyan-2 sequence. The present evidence indicates that R. microplus is capable of passing A. marginale to its progeny and that these infected larvae can transmit the infection to susceptible hosts.

show abstract

Comparison of efficiency and reproductive aptitude indexes between a reference and field strains of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, in Sinaloa, Mexico

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

Life cycle of Amblyomma integrum (Acari: Ixodidae) under laboratory conditions

Life cycle of Amblyomma integrum (Acari: Ixodidae) under laboratory conditions

Physiological evidence that three known mutations in the para-sodium channel gene confer cypermethrin knockdown resistance in Rhipicephalus microplus

Transmission of Anaplasma marginale by unfed Rhipicephalus microplus tick larvae under experimental conditions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About