New approaches toward anti-Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus tick vaccine

Abstract

The tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (formerly Boophilus microplus) is the major ectoparasite affecting livestock in America, Asia, Africa, and Oceania. Conventional tick control is based on the use of acaricides but immunization of bovines with tick gut proteins induces only a partial protective immune response. Based on this information, distinct research groups have explored the possibility of protecting the animals by inducing an immune response against other tick proteins. However, the antigens so far described do not induce the necessary protection for suppressing the use of acaricides. Currently, several groups are engaged in identifying new tick proteins to be used as targets for the development of new vaccines. This approach focuses on the enhancement of the immunogenicity of antigens already tested by incorporating new adjuvants or formulations and by searching for new antigens. This paper reviews the work done by Brazilian researchers to develop a vaccine against this tick.Keywords: Boophilus microplus, Rhipicephalus microplus, vaccine, tick, control. ResumoO carrapato Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (anteriormente Boophilus microplus) é o principal ectoparasita que afeta bovinos na América, Ásia, África e Oceania e o seu controle é tradicionalmente realizado através do uso de acaricidas. Experimentos de imunização com proteínas do carrapato mostram que a resposta imune desenvolvida pelos bovinos vacinados protege, em parte, os animais do parasitismo. Baseado nessas observações, vários grupos de pesquisa exploram a possibilidade de proteger os animais pela indução de uma resposta imune contra proteínas do carrapato. Entretanto, os antígenos já caracterizados não asseguram o grau de proteção necessário para suprimir o uso de acaricidas. Portanto, esses grupos de pesquisa estão engajados na tentativa de identificar novas proteínas que possam ser utilizadas para o desenvolvimento de novas vacinas, as quais possam induzir maior imunogenicidade de que os antígenos já testados, através do uso de novas formulações e/ou pela incorporação de adjuvantes. O presente artigo apresenta uma revisão da literatura sobre os resultados obtidos por pesquisadores brasileiros no desenvolvimento de vacinas contra o carrapato.

Genetic study of skin thickness and its association with postweaning growth in Nellore cattle: estimation of the genetic parameters

“…The climate in Brazil favors the prevalence of a tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, which infests cattle throughout the country (Gonzales, 1993), and is the leading cause of economic losses in pasture-fed cattle (Parizi et al, 2009). …”

Bovine immunoprotection against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus with recombinant Bm86-Campo Grande antigen

“…microplus vaccine products in other parts of the world. The level of efficacy reported for vaccines containing a recombinant form of Bm86 varies according to, among other factors, the expression system used for vaccine production, characteristics of the tick population targeted, and host factors (DE LA FUENTE et al, 1999;PATARROYO et al, 2002;RAND et al, 1989;RODRÍGUEZ et al, 1995;SITTE et al, 2002;ANDREOTTI et al, 2008;PARIZI et al, 2009). It has been postulated that sequence variation in the bm86 locus is associated with low susceptibility of certain R.…”

Antigen Fingerprinting of Polyclonal Antibodies Raised in Immunized Chickens with Tick Total Proteins: A Reservoir for the Discovery of Novel Antigens

“…the dots are subdivided according to the type of selection (S). the clone location is identified according to its respective lane number (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) and column letter (A-F). the negative control (wild-type M13 phage, without peptide) is located in lane G. the positive control (total tick proteins) is located in lane h. the "-" represent blank dots.…”