Characterization of Additives Typically Employed in EPDM Formulations by using FT-IR of Gaseous Pyrolyzates

Sanches, Natália Beck; Cassu, Silvana Navarro; Diniz, Milton Faria; Dutra, Rita de Cássia Lazzarini

doi:10.4322/polimeros.2014.066

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(33 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, sulfur compounds could be partially or totally consumed in the reticulation reaction; consequently, their bands might lose intensity or even disappear from the . These results confirm that absorptions related to the sulfur compounds show stronger intensities in the gaseous state than in the solid and liquid state [9] . TG/FT-IR was capable of detecting sulfur compounds in concentrations as low as 1.4 phr (1.26%), considering the sum of TMTM and MBT content in the compounds.…”

Section: Tg/ft-ir Analysis Of Epdmsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…In a previous study [9] , a band at 771/772 cm −1 from paraffin oil, stearic acid, and TMQ pyrolysis was detected in the PY-G/FT-IR spectra of unvulcanized and vulcanized EPDM. In the TG/FT-IR experiments, the absence can be explained by features of the technique.…”

Section: Tg/ft-ir Analysis Of Epdmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1. Composition of EPDM rubber (partially reproduced from Sanches et al [9] ). In this study, all the FT-IR spectra were obtained from TG/FT-IR experiments, which are referred to as TG/FT-IR spectra.…”

Section: Selection Of Ft-ir Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 1. Molecular structure of the analyzed compounds prior to degradation (adapted from Sanches et al [9] ). Table 1.…”

Section: Selection Of Ft-ir Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous study [9] , we employed Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of gaseous pyrolyzates (PY-G/FT-IR) for the detection of additives in EPDM rubber. The absorptions of additives were identified in unvulcanized and vulcanized EPDM samples without prior extraction with solvent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

TG/FT-IR characterization of additives typically employed in EPDM formulations

2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SbstractThermogravimetric analysis coupled to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG/FT-IR) is a very popular technique for rubbers characterization. It involves analyses of the base polymer and additives. Ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) rubbers are frequently investigated by TG/FT-IR; however, the focus has been the degradation temperature range of the polymer. In this study, unvulcanized and vulcanized EPDM rubber and its additives were investigated by TG/FT-IR, without solvent extraction, and in a wide temperature range. Initially, the additives were individually characterized. TG/FT-IR identified the characteristic groups of all the additives analyzed and distinguished them from each other. Afterwards, unvulcanized and vulcanized EPDM rubbers were investigated without prior extraction. TG/FT-IR detected absorptions due to the additives tetramethylthiuram monosulfide and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole. Both of these sulfur-containing additives were present in the EPDM formulation at concentrations of 0.7 phr (0.63 wt %). The TG/FT-IR technique had some limitations, because not all the additives in EPDM rubber were detected. Paraffin oil, stearic acid and 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline functional groups were not observed in either the unvulcanized or vulcanized EPDM. Nevertheless, in addition to the ability of this method to detect sulfur-containing groups, the lack of a pre-extraction reduces the time and effort required for additive analysis in rubbers.

show abstract

Section: Tg/ft-ir Analysis Of Epdmsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Tg/ft-ir Analysis Of Epdmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Selection Of Ft-ir Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 1. Molecular structure of the analyzed compounds prior to degradation (adapted from Sanches et al [9] ). Table 1.…”

Section: Selection Of Ft-ir Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

TG/FT-IR characterization of additives typically employed in EPDM formulations

2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Construction of a percolation zone for electrostatic discharge in EPDM/CB composites: A comprehensive mechanism to attain the optimum physico‐mechanical properties

Buhari,

Manikkedath V.,

G. T.

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is a critical issue in the automobile industry. ESD can occur due to the rubbing of dissimilar materials, potentially damaging sensitive components. Automakers must use ESD protection to safeguard the reliability of the components. In this scenario, the automotive industries demand for suitable materials to address this problem. The present study focuses on the development of EPDM rubber composites with low‐volume resistivity and optimized physico‐mechanical properties, which are the vital parameters to be addressed in electrostatic discharge for automotive applications. EPDM rubber composites were cured by sulfur and peroxide with a special‐grade conductive carbon black (CB). These composites were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The dispersion of conductive CB in the polymer matrix was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The BET adsorption technique was employed to investigate the specific surface area and porosity of CB. The ESD behavior of the composites was evaluated by measuring the volume resistivity(ASTM D257). The Studies reveal that the developed material has moderate physico‐mechanical properties and consistent thermal stability. Above all, the conductivity offered by the composite is adequate for ESD applications.Highlights Developed sulfur‐cured EPDM rubber composite with low‐volume resistivity. Peroxide cured EPDM rubber has higher thermal stability than sulfur‐cured one. Carbon black (CB) with a high surface area can easily form a conductive network. A good conductive network is formed at the percolation zone. The hardness of the EPDM composite increases with the loading of CB.

show abstract

Construction of a rough surface in EPDM/CB composite through peroxide curing: A mechanism for optimizing physico‐mechanical properties in automotive paint‐compatible applications

Buhari,

Vinayak,

Rhee

et al. 2024

Polymer Engineering & Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study investigates the profound impact of vulcanization methods on ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM) composites, with a particular focus on elucidating significant findings and achievements. Exploring eight composites, including sulfur and peroxide‐cured variations, we conducted an in‐depth evaluation of the crucial physico‐mechanical properties of the composites. The study extends to encompass the effects of vulcanization on heat aging parameters, providing a comprehensive understanding of the materials' resilience. Utilizing thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, our research delves into the processes, revealing critical insights into the thermal behavior and composition of the composites. Paint compatibility, a pivotal aspect in automotive applications, was rigorously examined through four different test methods. Surface morphology, investigated through scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, yielded valuable findings on the role of vulcanization in shaping surface roughness and enhancing paint compatibility. Additionally, the quantitative measurement of surface energy using the sessile drop method provided a deeper understanding of the adhesion properties. The findings distinctly underscore the superiority of peroxide‐cured composites, marking a significant stride toward their potential to revolutionize automotive applications. This research not only contributes to the knowledge base but also sets a foundation for advancements in EPDM composite materials, positioning them as key players in driving innovation within the automotive industry.Highlights Developed a peroxide‐cured EPDM rubber composite with a rough surface. A rough surface is more paint‐compatible than a smooth surface. The roughness of peroxide‐cured EPDM is greater than that of sulfur‐cured one. Peroxide curing introduces more polar functional groups and cross‐links. Peroxide‐cured EPDM has higher thermal stability than sulfur‐cured EPDM.

show abstract

Characterization of Additives Typically Employed in EPDM Formulations by using FT-IR of Gaseous Pyrolyzates

Cited by 25 publications

References 23 publications

TG/FT-IR characterization of additives typically employed in EPDM formulations

TG/FT-IR characterization of additives typically employed in EPDM formulations

Construction of a percolation zone for electrostatic discharge in EPDM/CB composites: A comprehensive mechanism to attain the optimum physico‐mechanical properties

Construction of a rough surface in EPDM/CB composite through peroxide curing: A mechanism for optimizing physico‐mechanical properties in automotive paint‐compatible applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About