Correlation of Strain and Loads Measured in the Long Bones With Observed Kinematics of the Lower Limb During Vehicle-Pedestrian Impacts

Untaroiu, Costin D.; Kerrigan, Jason; Kam, Check Y.; Crandall, Jeffrey Richard; Yamazaki, Kunio; Fukuyama, Keisuke; Kamiji, Koichi; Yasuki, Tsuyoshi; Funk, James R.

doi:10.4271/2007-22-0018

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Depending on its position relative to the hip joint, the pelvis can slide along the hood or can be pinned at the contact point [7,26,29]. Because the pelvis-to-vehicle contact shows a complex behaviour, the design of this region was the most challenging task of the pedestrian buck designs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of pedestrian sedan bucks using finite-element simulations: a numerical investigation of the influence of vehicle automatic braking on the kinematics of the pedestrian involved in vehicle collisions

Untaroiu

Shin

Crandall

et al. 2010

International Journal of Crashworthiness

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2010) Development and validation of pedestrian sedan bucks using finite-element simulations: a numerical investigation of the influence of vehicle automatic braking on the kinematics of the pedestrian involved in vehicle collisions, International Journal of Crashworthiness, 15:5, 491-503,Previous vehicle-to-pedestrian impact simulations and experiments using pedestrian dummies and cadavers have shown that factors such as vehicle shape, pedestrian anthropometry and pre-impact conditions influence pedestrian kinematics and injury mechanisms. Generic pedestrian bucks, which approximate the geometrical and stiffness properties of current vehicles, would be useful in studying the influence of vehicle front-end structures on pedestrian kinematics and loading. This study explores the design of pedestrian bucks, intended to represent the basic vehicle front-end structures, consisting of five components: lower stiffener, bumper, hood leading edge and grille, hood and windshield. The deformable parts of the bucks were designed using types of currently manufactured materials, which allow fabricating the bucks in the future. The geometry of pedestrian bucks was approximated according to the contour cross-sections of two sedan vehicles used in previous pedestrian dummy and cadaver impact tests. Other cross-sectional dimensions and the stiffness of the buck components were determined by parameter identification using finite-element (FE) simulations of each sedan model. In the absence of a validated FE model of human, the FE model of the POLAR II pedestrian dummy was used to validate a mid-size sedan (MS) pedestrian buck. A good correlation of the pedestrian dummy kinematics and contact forces obtained in dummy-MS pedestrian buck with the corresponding data from dummy-MS vehicle simulation was achieved. A parametric study using the POLAR II FE model and different buck models -an MS buck and a large-size sedan (LS) buck -were run to study the influence of an automatic braking system for reducing the pedestrian injuries. The vehicle braking conditions showed reductions in the relative velocity of the head to the vehicle and increases in the time of head impact and in the wrap-around-distances (WAD) to primary head contact. The head impact velocity showed a greater sensitivity to the different buck shapes (e.g. LS buck versus MS buck) than to the braking deceleration. The buck FE models developed in this study are expected to be used in sensitivity and optimisation studies for the development of new pedestrian protection systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of pedestrian sedan bucks using finite-element simulations: a numerical investigation of the influence of vehicle automatic braking on the kinematics of the pedestrian involved in vehicle collisions

Untaroiu

Shin

Crandall

et al. 2010

International Journal of Crashworthiness

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Next, the model's response can be validated in impacts with different vehicles since detailed PMHS kinematic response data are already available (J. Untaroiu et al 2007). If data from experiments conducted at other velocities and with surrogates in different stances become available, those data could also be used to examine the model's validity under different impact conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Approach to Multibody Model Development: Pedestrian Lower Extremity

Kerrigan

Parent

Untaroiu

et al. 2009

Traffic Injury Prevention

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The use of a facet surface model of the lower extremity skin and simultaneous optimization of the model's structural response and contact parameters resulted in a model capable of accurately predicting the detailed kinematic response of the lower extremity under vehicle impact loading at 40 km/h. The model can be scaled to represent varying pedestrian anthropometries and can assess the risks associated with sustaining the most common pedestrian injuries. As a vehicle design tool, the model can be used to optimize front-end designs, or it can be used in combination with a detailed FEM to reduce the vast design space prior to FE simulations. Additionally, the model can be used as a tool to study pedestrian impact kinematics, real-world case reconstructions, or particular vehicle countermeasures.

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“…Therefore, new gait sequences should be developed for crash reconstructions in which the pedestrian ran prior to vehicle impact or was aware of the inpending collision. The pedestrian anthropometric characteristics have been shown to influence the pedestrian kinematics and the location of contact points with the vehicle [38]. Therefore, a preliminary scaling of the pedestrian model (50th percentile male) according to the anthropometric characteristics of the pedestrian involved in accident is recommended [39,40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%