O Efeito Da Idade Relativa No Voleibol Brasileiro De Elite

Abstract

RESUMOO efeito da idade relativa (EIR) refere-se à vantagem de atletas nascidos nos primeiros meses do período de seleção em relação a seus pares nascidos em meses posteriores no processo de seleção esportivo, que tende a favorecer atletas que encontram-se em estágio maturacional ou de desenvolvimento físico mais avançados que o de seus colegas mais jovens nascidos no mesmo ano. Esse favorecimento ocorre principalmente em esportes cuja característica física é determinante para se obter sucesso, como o voleibol, acarretando na exclusão ou abandono prematuro da modalidade por parte de talentos em potencial. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a presença do EIR no voleibol brasileiro de elite feminino e masculino, pela análise da distribuição do número de atletas rankeados para as Superligas masculina e feminina nascidos em cada trimestres do ano. Os resultados indicaram não haver EIR no voleibol feminino brasileiro de elite, enquanto no masculino há uma maior representação de atletas nascidos no primeiro trimestre em comparação àqueles nascidos nos 3º e 4º trimestres. Esses resultados apontam para a necessidade de se entender melhor as causas e consequências do EIR no voleibol masculino brasileiro, afim de evitar a exclusão ou abandono precoce do esporte de possíveis talentos, permitindo um maior desenvolvimento da modalidade no país. Palavras-chave: Grupos etários. Voleibol. Desempenho Atlético. ABSTRACTThe relative age effect (RAE) refers to the advantage of the athletes born on the first months of the selection year compared to their pairs born in later months in the sports selection process, which tends to favor athletes who are in a more developed maturational stage or more advanced physical development compared to the ones born later in the same year. This advantage occurs mainly in sports in which the physical characteristics are determinants to obtain success, like the volleyball, leading to the premature exclusion or abandonment of the modality from potential talents. This study aims to evaluate the RAE presence in male and female Brazilian elite volleyball, by analyzing the number of athletes ranked to the male and female main national leagues who were born in each trimester of the year. The results showed no RAE in females, while on males there is a higher representation of athletes born in the first trimester compared to the ones born in 3rd e 4th trimester. These results point to a need to better understand the causes and consequences of RAE in brazillian male volleyball, in order to avoid premature exclusion or abandonment of potential talents, allowing an even better development of this sport in Brazil. Keywords: Age Groups. Volleyball. Athletic Performance. IntroduçãoO voleibol é um esporte com demandas intermitentes e utilização predominante de vias anaeróbicas aláticas nos momentos decisivos da partida, uma vez que intercala ações explosivas de alta intensidade com momentos pouco intensos¹. Essas ações expressam-se, principalmente, por movimentos de saltos, bloqueio e ataque, que exigem grande potên...

The Relative Age Effect in Male and Female Brazilian Elite Volleyball Athletes of Varied Competitive Levels

“…Our finding of no RAE among female Superliga A athletes aligned with Castro et al 2022a, andParma andPenna's (2018). Thus, our data add to earlier evidence that RAE magnitude may decrease or even revert in some specific elite sport contexts (de la Rubia et al, 2020;Gibbs et al, 2012).…”

“…Considering the multifactorial and context-specific nature of RAE, factors such as the athletes' sex and competitive level within a sport may affect the likelihood of RAE occurrence (Castro et al, 2022b;Castro, Francisco, et al, 2022;Figueiredo et al, 2022;Smith et al, 2018;Wattie et al, 2015). Regarding sex differences, previous research found that RAE occurs to a smaller extent in women's than in men's sports (de la Rubia et al, 2020;Lidor et al, 2021;Parma & Penna, 2018). This may be due in part to young female athletes' tendencies to achieve their individual peak growth spurt earlier than boys (Malina et al, 2015), perhaps meaning that, by the point of sport selection, prospective female athletes are comparable in their maturation, giving coaches less basis for discriminating between them in the selection process and reducing the RAE occurrence when later measured among elite players (Castro et al, 2022a;Castro, Aguiar, et al, 2022).…”

“…Relatively older athletes, born earlier in the year and closer to selection cut-off dates, are more likely to show more advanced biological maturation, as expressed physically through height, muscle power, and speed, giving them advantages in early sport selection that may be compounded over time by advantages in sport development and performance. Since advanced maturational characteristics at early ages may bias coaches’ perceptions when selecting young athletes, relatively older athletes become overrepresented in many elite team sports (Ferreira et al, 2020; Figueiredo et al, 2022; Parma & Penna, 2018).…”

Há efeito da idade relativa em nadadores do campeonato mundial de esportes aquáticos de Budapeste 2017?

“…O EIR está presente nas mais diferentes modalidades esportivas, tanto nos esportes coletivos, como futebol(5,6) e voleibol (7), quanto nos individuais como tênis (8), triatlo (9), lutas(10,11) e natação (12), contudo apresenta maior magnitude nos esportes individuais (13). Ao se considerar atletas nascidos nos meses iniciais, os mesmos podem apresentar melhor rendimento esportivo se comparados a atletas nascidos nos meses finais do mesmo ano (14,15) 22,9±3,4 anos de idade), considerando em sua análise o sexo, tipos de provas e excelência esportiva.…”

Relative age effect and dropout causes in a multisport club setting. Is there a special reason to give up?

“…In the past two decades, it has been identified that athletes who are born early (first or second trimester) in competition year have been overrepresented in elite teams in young and senior age brackets (for a review, see 1,2 ). The possible advantaged presented by those early born athletes has been frequently called the relative age effect (RAE), and this effect is observable in team sports like basketball 3 , soccer 4 , rugby 5 , volleyball 6 , and in induvial sports like tennis 7 , track and field 8 and Judo 9 and in different levels ranging from young amateurs 10 to super-elite athletes 11 .…”