<b>Silage quality of sorghum and <i>Urochloa brizantha</i> cultivars monocropped or intercropped in different planting systems

Abstract

ABSTRACT.Recently it has emerged a technique for silage production of intercropping systems of annual crop with forage through crop-livestock integration, aiming to reduce the deficit forage in the offseason. The study was conducted to evaluate the fermentation characteristics and nutritional value of silage of sorghum and Urochloa brizantha cultivars monocropped or intercropped in different planting systems. The experiment was a randomized block design, with three replications, in a 3x2+4 factorial arrangement, with three cultivars of Urochloa brizantha (Marandu; Xaraes and Piata) intercropped with grain sorghum in two planting systems (row and between rows) and four monocrops (Sorghum, Marandu palisadegrass, Xaraes palisadegrass and Piatã palisadegrass). The planting system of intercropping systems did not interfere with fermentation characteristics and chemical composition of silages. The same was found for Urochloa cultivars. Silages from intercropping sorghum with Urochloa brizantha cultivars had lower pH values, buffering capacity, acetic and butyric acids and higher values of lactic acid, besides showed superior quality, as for the parameters dry matter, ether extract and total digestible nutrient than silages from grasses produced in monocropping system. Therefore, silages of intercropping systems ensure fermentation and nutritional quality, providing interesting supplementary bulky options to be used in the offseason for feeding animals.Keywords: conservation, digestibility, fermentation, crop-livestock integration.Qualidade de silagem de sorgo e cultivares de Urochloa brizantha em monocultivo e consorciado em diferentes sistemas de semeadura RESUMO. Surgiu recentemente a técnica de produção de silagem de sistemas consorciados de cultura anual e forrageira tropical, na integração lavoura-pecuária, com intuito de minimizar déficit de forragens na entressafra. Sendo assim, objetivou-se avaliar as características fermentativas e valor nutritivo da silagem de sorgo e cultivares de Urochloa brizantha em monocultivo e consorciado em diferentes sistemas de semeadura. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de bloco ao acaso, com três repetições, em esquema fatorial 3x2+4, sendo três cultivares de Urochloa brizantha (Marandu, Xaraés e Piatã), consorciadas com sorgo granífero em dois sistemas de semeadura (linha e entrelinha) e quatro monocultivos (Sorgo, Marandu, Xaraés e Piatã). A forma de semeadura dos sistemas consorciados não interferiu nas características fermentativas e químico-bromatológicas das silagens. O mesmo foi obtido para cultivares de Urochloa brizantha. As silagens do consórcio do sorgo com cultivares de Urochloa brizantha apresentaram menores valores de pH, capacidade tampão, N-NH 3 , ácido acético e butírico e maior ácido lático, além da qualidade superior, quanto aos parâmetros matéria seca, extrato etéreo e nutrientes digestíveis totais. Portanto, silagens dos sistemas consorciados garantem adequado processo fermentativo e qualidade nutricional, constituindo interessantes opções de volum...

Does intercropping maize with forage sorghum effect biomass yield, silage bromatological quality and economic viability?

“…Maize monocultures have the highest estimates of DM (Table 2), close to the values considered adequate (Rezende et al, 2008), the consortium was expected to reduce the DM Research, Society and Development, v. 9, n. 4, e46942818, 2020(CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i4.2818 fraction due to the structural changes that plants present in biodiversity environments (Cruvinel et al, 2017).…”

“…For the bromatological composition of silage there was no interaction between silage opening and cultivation systems (P<0.05). The pH showed no difference between the cultivation systems (Table 2), being close to the values considered (Gurgel et al, 2019), indicating that the consortium allows the production of a quality silage (Ribeiro et al, 2017). Cruvinel et al (2017).…”

“…Intercropping of two or more plant species increases primary production due to optimization in the use of the available abiotic resources (Cardinale, 2011;Cruz et al, 2002;Lange et al, 2015). In addition, in the intercropping usually plants present oscillations in the specific dry weight (g cm -1 ) of each botanical component, and can influence the nutritional value (Cruvinel et al, 2017;Tambara et al, 2017;Epifanio et al, 2019), because there is a reduction in fiber and lignin deposition Research, Society and Development, v. 9, n. 4, e46942818, 2020(CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i4.2818 in sclerenchyma cells, so cells have less thick walls (Deinum et al, 1996); increasing the bioavailability of compounds with higher nutritional value.…”

“…It exhibits rapid establishment, resistance to water deficit, and, compared to other cultures, presents low requirements of soil fertility (Bogdan, 1977), being an excellent alternative for tropical climate regions, where there are low levels of natural fertility (Santos et al, 2018). Despite being a culture of broad aptitude, the potential of sorghum is little explored because it is considered a minor crop; although there are cultivars for forage, soil cover, grain yield and silage (Ribeiro et al, 2015, Ribeiro et al, 2017.…”

Production and quality of sunflower and Paiaguas palisadegrass silage in monocropped and intercropping in different forage systems

“…However, the lowest production of DM was obtained by Paiaguas palisadegrass monocropped forage system, demonstrating that the intercropping has contributed for the rise of DM production in 110.6; 127.9 and 48.9%, in the rows, inter-rows and oversown intercropped, respectively. Several studies have evidenced the benefits of producing silages from intercropping systems (Ribeiro et al, 2017;Cruvinel et al, 2017;Souza et al, 2019;Oliveira et al, 2020).…”