Chemical fertilization, organic fertilization and pyroligneous extract in the development of seedlings of areca bamboo palm (Dypsis lutescens)

Abstract

ABSTRACT. The effect of using chemical fertilization, organic and pyroligneous extract (EPL) on the seedling development of areca bamboo palm was evaluated. Treatments were: T1 = no fertilizer (control), T2 = 0.1% EPL, T3 = 0.2% EPL, T4 = NPK-20-5-20, T5 = NPK-20-5-20 + 0.1% EPL, T6 = NPK-20-05-20 + 0.2% EPL, T7 = castor bean cake, T8 = castor bean cake + 0.1% EPL and T9 = castor bean cake + 0.2% EPL. The EPL solutions were 0.1 or 0.2%, 100 mL per pot, applied every two weeks. NPK 20-5-20 chemical fertilizer was applied at three month intervals and castor bean cake organic fertilizer was applied once a month (40 g per pot for both). Plant height and the number of leaves and shoots were evaluated one year after the beginning of the trial. The organic fertilizer on its own and with EPL (T7, T8 and T9) produced the tallest plants and highest number of leaves. Organic fertilizer with 0.1 and 0.2% EPL produced the most shoots. For all variables, chemical fertilizer, both with and without EPL, was less effective than organic fertilizer with EPL and treatment with only EPL was less effective than treatment with organic fertilizer.Keywords: Palmae, nutrition, fertilizer.Adubação química, adubação orgânica e extrato pirolenhoso no desenvolvimento de mudas da palmeira areca bambu (Dypsis lutescens) RESUMO. O efeito da utilização do extrato pirolenhoso (EPL) aplicado isoladamente e em mistura com adubação orgânica e química foi avaliado no desenvolvimento de mudas de areca bambu. Os tratamentos foram T1= sem adubação (testemunha); T2= T2= EPL 0,1%; T3= EPL 0,2%; T4= NPK-20-5-20; T5= NPK-20-5-20 + EPL 0,1%; T6= NPK-20-5-20 + EPL 0,2%; T7= torta de mamona; T8= torta de mamona + EPL 0,1% e T9= torta de mamona + EPL 0,2%. As soluções de EPL foram 0,1% e 0,2%, aplicados 100 mL por vaso, quinzenalmente. O adubo químico NPK 20-5-20 foi aplicado trimestralmente e a torta de mamona, adubo orgânico utilizado, foi aplicado mensalmente (ambos 40 g por vaso). A altura da planta, o número de folhas e o número de brotações foram avaliados após um ano do início do experimento. A adubação orgânica isolada e com adição de EPL (T7, T8 e T9) proporcionou maiores alturas de planta e maior número de folhas. A adubação orgânica com a adição de EPL 0,1 e 0,2% produziu mais brotos. Para todas as variáveis, a adubação química com e sem o EPL foram menos efetivas que a adubação orgânica com EPL e os tratamentos com EPL isoladamente foram menos efetivos que os tratamentos com adubação orgânica.Palavras-chave: Palmae, nutrição, adubação.

Influence of Benzyladenine and Kristalon Fertilizer Treatments on Growth and Chemical Constituents of Lemon Cypress (Cupressus Macrocarpa L.) Plant

“…The aforementioned results of fertilization are in harmony with those attained by Younis et al (2004) on Jasminum grandiflorum, El-Naggar and El-Nasharty (2009) on Hippeastrum vittatum, Abd El-All (2011) on Aspidistra elatior, Ghatas and Abdallah (2016) on Echinacea purpurea, Rodrigo et al (2011) on Pinus nigra and Betula papyrifera, Habib(2012) on Caryota mitis Lour, Ghatas (2020) on coriander, Wanderley et al (2012) on areca bamboo palm (Dypsis lutescens), Youssef and Abd El-Aal (2014) on Hippeastrum vittatum, Youssef (2014) on Beaucarnea recurvata and Mazhar and Eid (2016) on Gladiolus grandiflorus, Ghatas (2016) stated that adding NPK chemical fertilizer at 4 or 6 g/plant on Gladiolus grandiflorus significantly increased leaf N, P, K and total carbohydrates content. Also, Mohamed (2018) demonstrated that using kristalon fertilizer at 8 g/pot produced the best values of leaves contents of N, P, K % and photosynthetic pigments of Dypsis cabadae.…”

Doses de extrato pirolenhoso no cultivo de orquídea

“…Dados semelhantes foram observados, em condições de campo, por Ichikawa & Ota (1982), que constataram melhor desenvolvimento da parte aérea das mudas de arroz com a aplicação do extrato pirolenhoso no solo. Ainda, a adição de EP na adubação orgânica isolada de areca-bambu proporcionou maiores alturas de planta (Wanderley et al, 2012).…”

“…No Brasil, alguns trabalhos foram desenvolvidos com o uso desse insumo em agricultura, como por exemplo, nas culturas do limoeiro 'cravo' (Zanetti et al, 2004), do eucalipto (Souza- Silva et al, 2006), da alface e do quiabo (Mascarenhas et al, 2006a(Mascarenhas et al, , 2006b), de mudas de pinus (Porto et al, 2007), de alface (Roel et al, 2007), de couve-de-folha (Shingo & Ventura, 2009), de orquídeas Cattleya intermedia e Miltonia clowesii, em que ocorreu um incremento do desenvolvimento vegetativo e radicular das espécies, ao utilizarem extrato pirolenhoso, acrescido ao substrato (Schnitzer et al, 2010) e de mudas de areca-bambu (Wanderley et al, 2012).…”

Adaptation of the Use of Pyroligneous Acid in Control of Caterpillars and Agronomic Performance of the Soybean Crop

“…As reported by Tsuzuki et al (2000), under field conditions the application of pyroligneous acid can activate substances of plant secondary metabolism, inducing resistance to pests. Therefore, the effect of pyroligneous acid in the control of A. gemmatalis may be linked to the synthesis of metabolites involved in the mechanism of plant defense, since, in addition to the pyroligneous extract presenting in its composition phenolic compounds, it presents in larger part as a constituent acetic acid, which is part of the mevalonic acid biosynthetic pathway, a precursor in the synthesis of terpenes, which are essential metabolites in the defense mechanisms of plants against attack by herbivorous insects.…”

“…Its qualities have been known for decades in Japan and were disseminated in Brazil by immigrants from that country, especially in meetings of the Association of Natural Agricultural Producers (APAN) (FAPEMIG, 2005), being used as "organic fertilizer" in rice (Oryza sativa L.) (Tsuzuki et al, 2000), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) (Esechie et al, 1998) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) (Shibayama et al, 1998), and as a nematicide (Cuadra et al, 2000) and fungicide (Numata et al, 1994). Recently, Petter et al (2012) found positive effects of pyroligneous acid as a reducer of pH efficient at stabilizing spray pesticides.…”