Multimedia and Reading Ways: a State of the Art

Abstract

Multimedia is one of the less studied characteristics, probably because of the less-developed level of the digital language. Along with hypertext and interactivity, it is one of the characteristics that defines the digital edition. Those characteristics have been always studied from the point of view of production, although not so much from the point of view of reception. How do users read a digital text? The reader’s participation, reading depth, different trailblazing, the relation user-interface and the conception of multimedia text as a module of a database introduce major changes in the reception of the text, which can and must be studied.La multimedialidad es una de las características menos estudiadas, tal vez por menos desarrolladas, del nuevo lenguaje digital. Junto con el hipertexto y la interactividad, constituye una de las características que definen el discurso digital. Estas características siempre se han estudiado desde el punto de vista de la producción, no tanto desde el punto de vista de la recepción. ¿Cómo leen los usuarios un texto digital? La participación del lector, la profundidad de la lectura, los distintos recorridos y propósitos por la superficie y los niveles más profundos del texto, la relación del usuario con la interfaz y la concepción del texto multimedia como módulo en una base de datos introducen cambios sustanciales en la recepción del texto que pueden y deben ser estudiados.

Narrativa web en las noticias sobre celebridades: sintaxis multimedia y redes sociales como fuente de información

“…Dichas herramientas proveen de un formato multimedia en las noticias en línea, lo cual permite, en esencia, la profundidad de la información. La importancia de la multimedialidad es que permite abarcar todas las estrategias de lectura (rastreo, búsqueda, exploración y divagación) que la audiencia desarrolla de manera activa de acuerdo con sus características y objetivos propios, por lo que aumenta la eficiencia del diálogo entre el medio y su consumidor (Díaz Noci, 2009).…”

Multimedia news storytelling: Semiotic-narratological foundations

“…The concept of "multimedia syntax" (Salaverría, 2014) is related to "hypertextual syntax" (Díaz-Noci;Salaverría, 2003) or "hypertextual grammar" (Llombart, 1998). Their semiotic analysis implies "the identification of formal units and the determination of the norms that govern their integration into higher units" (Bobes-Naves, 1989, p. 83).…”

“…The receiver-interpreter is, finally, the one who decides the navigable route (Díaz-Noci;Salaverría, 2003). In its choice, it influences, in the first place, the own accessibility of the digital story, forced to avoid any disorientation and weightlessness (Fernández-Rodríguez, 2002).…”

“…And, second, technology allows the development of a new narrative that renews the construction of the journalistic narrative and redirects research towards syntax, composition, and multimedia rhetoric (Engebretsen, 2000;Anichini, 2003;Díaz-Noci;Salaverría, 2003). His study is part of the so-called narrative architecture or 'archeology of composition' (Manovich, 2005), which analyzes its construction and its elements (Paul;Fiebich, 2003) as part of a 'postmodern narrative' interpreted in the context of a postmodern culture (Fulton, 2005).…”

Language in social networks as a communication strategy: public administration, political parties and civil society

“…The language used in politics is immersed in hybridization processes (Chadwick, 2013;Hamilton, 2016) and in the search for new narratives (Gander, 1999;Jenkins, 2003;Scolari, 2014;Shin& Biocca, 2017), common to other areas of digital communication. Digital language is multi-channel, polysynthetic and inclusive (Díaz Noci, 2009;Salaverría, García-Avilés & Masip, 2010) within a narrative with hyper-fragmented texts and dozens of narrative characters and programs (Guerrero-Pico & Scolari, 2016), where the combination of different elements and actors participating in the elaboration of the message is sought (Herring, 2015;Adami, 2016). Language in the networks is also taken as a legitimate social weapon to consolidate the domination of the hegemonic power, as a subversive tool against the status quo and as a cohesive element for a certain community (Álvarez-Noreña, 2013).…”