A history of optogenetics: the development of tools for controlling brain circuits with light

Boyden, Edward S.

doi:10.3410/b3-11

Cited by 188 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 81 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

141

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…These tools are light-sensitive proteins known as opsins, which are seven-transmembrane proteins that play photosensory or metabolic roles in species throughout the tree of life (Boyden 2011). These opsins respond to light either by pumping ions into or out of cells (e.g., halorhodopsins pump chloride ions into archaea in response to light; bacteriorhodopsins and archaerhodopsins pump protons out of archaea in response to light), or by opening an ion channel (e.g., channelrhodopsins let cations such as sodium, protons, and calcium into eyespots of algae).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Principles of designing interpretable optogenetic behavior experiments

2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Over the last decade, there has been much excitement about the use of optogenetic tools to test whether specific cells, regions, and projection pathways are necessary or sufficient for initiating, sustaining, or altering behavior. However, the use of such tools can result in side effects that can complicate experimental design or interpretation. The presence of optogenetic proteins in cells, the effects of heat and light, and the activity of specific ions conducted by optogenetic proteins can result in cellular side effects. At the network level, activation or silencing of defined neural populations can alter the physiology of local or distant circuits, sometimes in undesired ways. We discuss how, in order to design interpretable behavioral experiments using optogenetics, one can understand, and control for, these potential confounds.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Principles of designing interpretable optogenetic behavior experiments

2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…64,65 The fact that light can interact with living matter is known to everyone; it can be used to confer heat (red shifted lamps) or when used at high powers or at certain wavelengths (UV) can perturb a cell's equilibrium or destroy biomolecules. However, the idea to use engineered proteins to accurately control cellular activity by light in a cell specific and selective manner dates only little over a decade.…”

Section: Optogenetic M Odulation Of Cellular Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Tools to Investigate Cellular Activity in the Intestinal Wall

Boesmans

Hao

Berghe

2015

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Live imaging has become an essential tool to investigate the coordinated activity and output of cellular networks. Within the last decade, 2 Nobel prizes have been awarded to recognize innovations in the field of imaging: one for the discovery, use, and optimization of the green fluorescent protein (2008) and the second for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy (2014). New advances in both optogenetics and microscopy now enable researchers to record and manipulate activity from specific populations of cells with better contrast and resolution, at higher speeds, and deeper into live tissues. In this review, we will discuss some of the recent developments in microscope technology and in the synthesis of fluorescent probes, both synthetic and genetically encoded. We focus on how live imaging of cellular physiology has progressed our understanding of the control of gastrointestinal motility, and we discuss the hurdles to overcome in order to apply the novel tools in the field of neurogastroenterology and motility.

show abstract

“…Optogenetics 24 is an emerging technology that can control neurons, specifically activating and inhibiting targeted neurons in the brain 25 . This technology has the potential to correct altered erroneous neuronal network activity just as a cardiac pacemaker corrects arrhythmias in the heart.…”

Section: Consequences Of Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuro analysis: a neuro scientific psychiatry. Why? how? and when?

Peled¹

2013

OA Medical Hypothesis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionWhy do we need neuro-scientific psychiatry, how can we achieve it, and when will we know it has been achieved? Brain-related psychiatry is essential for us to know what exactly went wrong with our patients. Curative interventions are impossible before we understand about the etiopathology of our patients. How can we approach this daunting task? It has recently become apparent that global-distributed neuronal-network brain disturbances cause psychiatric disorders. Thus we need to find the correlated underlying neuronal-network disturbances of the various phenomenological manifestations of psychiatric disorders. Hypothesis Neuro Analysis is the proposed approach and Clinical Brain Profiling is a concrete plan by which mental disorders can be translated into their associated brain disturbances. A concise over-view explanation of NeuroAnalysis is presented in this hypothesis. Once we start eliminating mental disorders, we will understand that neuro-scientific psychiatry has been attained. ConclusionWe can conclude the obvious questions of 'Why?', 'How?' and 'When?' associated with NeuroAnalysis from this hypothesis as follows: 1. Why?: Because we need to know what went wrong with our patients in order to cure them.2. How?: We associate psychiatric phenomenology to neuronalnetwork disturbances in the brain. 3. When?: When we cure patients using the insights concisely described heretofore.

show abstract

A history of optogenetics: the development of tools for controlling brain circuits with light

Cited by 188 publications

References 81 publications

Principles of designing interpretable optogenetic behavior experiments

Principles of designing interpretable optogenetic behavior experiments

Optical Tools to Investigate Cellular Activity in the Intestinal Wall

Neuro analysis: a neuro scientific psychiatry. Why? how? and when?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About