2019
DOI: 10.3390/w11061233
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Abstract: The increasing shortage of water for crop irrigation in arid and semiarid regions is encouraging the use of non-conventional resources. In the last decade, seawater desalination has consolidated its position as an alternative source to increase the supply for agricultural irrigation in Spain and Israel, where the farmers’ acceptance is progressively rising, despite the supply price being much higher than that of other conventional water sources. This article describes the current situation of desalinated seawa… Show more

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Cited by 46 publications
(37 citation statements)
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“…Particularly, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [2] has proposed desalination of seawater (DSW) as a potential option, especially in arid and semi-arid regions [10]. Among the advantages of DSW are (i) unlimited agricultural water supply, and also affords drought risk-buffering value; (ii) increment of crop yields due to the low salinity of DSW; reduction of the salinity of the soil by displacing the salts out of the root zone, and (iii) the DSW alternative offers new water policies and water management options [11][12][13][14]. Nevertheless, the drawbacks of the DSW that still need to be solved/minimized are (i) the high energy consumption, and consequently high cost; (ii) possible toxicity risks due to minerals like boron (although it may not represent a risk for boron-tolerant crops like tomato [15]); (iii) together with other environmental aspects such as the gas emissions during DSW production, management of the produced high-salinity brines, etc.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Particularly, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [2] has proposed desalination of seawater (DSW) as a potential option, especially in arid and semi-arid regions [10]. Among the advantages of DSW are (i) unlimited agricultural water supply, and also affords drought risk-buffering value; (ii) increment of crop yields due to the low salinity of DSW; reduction of the salinity of the soil by displacing the salts out of the root zone, and (iii) the DSW alternative offers new water policies and water management options [11][12][13][14]. Nevertheless, the drawbacks of the DSW that still need to be solved/minimized are (i) the high energy consumption, and consequently high cost; (ii) possible toxicity risks due to minerals like boron (although it may not represent a risk for boron-tolerant crops like tomato [15]); (iii) together with other environmental aspects such as the gas emissions during DSW production, management of the produced high-salinity brines, etc.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Nevertheless, the drawbacks of the DSW that still need to be solved/minimized are (i) the high energy consumption, and consequently high cost; (ii) possible toxicity risks due to minerals like boron (although it may not represent a risk for boron-tolerant crops like tomato [15]); (iii) together with other environmental aspects such as the gas emissions during DSW production, management of the produced high-salinity brines, etc. In that sense, DSW is still only a supplementary water resource contributing to effectively remove the hydrological constraints for crop production in arid and semi-arid regions [12,13].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The SRB is one of the most water-stressed regions in the Mediterranean basin. The official estimation [35] is that the SRB water resources amount to 1602 Mm 3 /year, which includes water transferred from central Spain through the inter-basin TSWT (322 Mm 3 /year) and DSW (158 Mm 3 /year produced in several desalination plants [27]). These resources fail to satisfy a total water demand of 1834 Mm 3 /year, which includes 1546 Mm 3 /year for irrigated agriculture (84% of the total).…”
Section: Segura River Basin (Srb) and Tagus-segura Water Transfer (Tswt)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In such a way, desalination is alleviating the decrease in the water supplied by the TSWT in recent years. The downside is that the specific energy consumption for desalinated seawater (DSW) supply in the SRB (4.32 kWh m −3 [27]) is much higher than that of the TSWT (1.21 kWh m −3 [28]). This increases the GHG emissions of irrigated agriculture and jeopardises the effectiveness of climate change control policies.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%