Probiotic Potential and Cholesterol-Lowering Capabilities of Bacterial Strains Isolated from Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae ‘Chachiensis’

Abstract

Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae ‘Chachiensis’ (PCR-Chachiensis), the pericarps of Citri Reticulatae Blanco cv. Chachiensis, is a food condiment and traditional medicine in southeast and eastern Asia. Its rich and various bacterial community awaits exploration. The present study is the first report on probiotic screening and characterization of bacteria from PCR-Chachiensis. Based on 64 culturable bacterial isolates, 8 strains were screened out to have great survival in the simulated gastrointestinal stressful condition, being nonhemolytic and without biogenic amine formation. They were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as two Bacillus, three Lactobacillus, and three strains from Bacillales. Their probiotic properties, cholesterol-lowering potential and carbohydrate utilization capability were further investigated. Though these eight strains all displayed distinct cholesterol removal potential, Bacillus licheniformis N17-02 showed both remarkable cholesterol removal capability and presence of bile salt hydrolase gene, as well as possessing most of the desirable probiotic attributes. Thus, it could be a good probiotic candidate with hypocholesterolemic potential. Bacillus megaterium N17-12 displayed the widest carbohydrate utilization profile and the strongest antimicrobial activity. Hence, it was promising to be used as a probiotic in a host and as a fermentation starter in fermented food or feed.

Causal relationship between gut microbes and cardiovascular protein expression

“…CSF-1 stimulates macrophage colonization and granulocyte function, and lowers blood cholesterol (Hume and MacDonald, 2012). He et al found that order Bacillales lowers cholesterol (He et al, 2021). Unfortunately, this contradicts our results.…”

“…He et al. found that order Bacillales lowers cholesterol ( He et al., 2021 ). Unfortunately, this contradicts our results.…”

Safety Assessment of One Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Isolated from the Traditional Chinese Fermented Vegetables—Jiangshui

“…Figure 1 D also showed the 3 h auto-aggregation rate was nearly 30%, and the co-aggregation efficiency was nearly 50%, implying it can adhere to the intestinal epithelial cells, which facilitated the probiotics to better perform their probiotic effects. Among the three strains of Lactiplantibacillus isolated from pericarpium citri reticulatae by He, the self-aggregation rate at 4 h was 15–45%, while the co-aggregation rate for pathogenic bacteria such as S. aureus and E. coli was probably between 45–60% and these Lactiplantibacillus were also confirmed to obtain cholesterol-lowering potential and carbohydrate utilization capability in subsequent experiments [ 26 ].…”

Enhancing Bacillus licheniformis sporulation with automatic nitrogen feeding based on online detection of exhaust CO2

“…B. licheniformis is also widely utilized in human and animal disease prevention and treatment. He demonstrated the cholesterol‐lowering ability of B. licheniformis N17‐02, mitigating the health risks associated with high cholesterol levels 3 . Xu found that the inclusion of B. licheniformis in chicken feed improved growth performance, immune response (elevated serum IgA, IgY, IgM concentrations, and anti‐inflammatory IL‐10 levels), and reduced pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β and IL‐6) 4 .…”

“…He demonstrated the cholesterol-lowering ability of B. licheniformis N17-02, mitigating the health risks associated with high cholesterol levels. 3 Xu found that the inclusion of B. licheniformis in chicken feed improved growth performance, immune response (elevated serum IgA, IgY, IgM concentrations, and anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels), and reduced proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6). 4 Sun conducted a study where weaned piglets were fed with B. licheniformis supplemented feed, and the results demonstrated that it significantly enhanced piglet weight gain while reducing diarrhea incidence by 5%.…”