2021
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073542
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Abstract: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism is regulated by the oxygen-mediated enzyme reaction and antioxidant mechanism within cells under physiological conditions. Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) exhibits two inter-convertible forms (xanthine oxidase (XO) and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH)), depending on the substrates. XO uses oxygen as a substrate and generates superoxide (O2•−) in the catalytic pathway of hypoxanthine. We previously showed that superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) loss induced various aging-like patho… Show more

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Cited by 6 publications
(5 citation statements)
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“…Sod1 (−/−)mice produced oxidative damage to tissues. Thus, it can be seen that this mouse could be used as an ideal model for the study of dry AMD, especially for the study of oxidative stress response and the pathogenesis of AMD [ 29 ]. Another animal model of dry AMD, senescence accelerated mouse (SAM), showed functional senescence in various parts of the body early in life, which should only occur in old age.…”
Section: Retinal Disordersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Sod1 (−/−)mice produced oxidative damage to tissues. Thus, it can be seen that this mouse could be used as an ideal model for the study of dry AMD, especially for the study of oxidative stress response and the pathogenesis of AMD [ 29 ]. Another animal model of dry AMD, senescence accelerated mouse (SAM), showed functional senescence in various parts of the body early in life, which should only occur in old age.…”
Section: Retinal Disordersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…XO is a molybdo-flavin enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to urate, which is the process that reduces molecular oxygen and produces O 2 − [ 28 ]. There are two isoforms of this enzyme: xanthine dehydrogenase (NAD dependent dehydrogenase) and XO (oxygen dependent superoxide production oxidase) [ 29 ]. Ischemia induces acute ATP depletion, which leads to the accumulation of hypoxanthine and xanthine, substrates for the ROS-producing XO [ 30 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thus, inhibition of xanthine oxidase becomes an important approach in these disease conditions, especially for gout. 28–30 Approximately 21% of the general population and 25% of the total hospitalized population have been estimated to be affected by asymptomatic hyperuricemia worldwide. Gout is the most common associated complication which is observed in 3.9% of the total US population.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thus, inhibition of xanthine oxidase becomes an important approach in these disease conditions, especially for gout. [28][29][30]…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%