2020
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239317
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Abstract: As aerobic organisms, we are continuously and throughout our lifetime subjected to an oxidizing atmosphere and, most often, to environmental threats. The lung is the internal organ most highly exposed to this milieu. Therefore, it has evolved to confront both oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a variety of pollutants, pathogens, and allergens that promote inflammation and can harm the airways to different degrees. Indeed, an excess of ROS, generated intrinsically or from external sou… Show more

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Cited by 29 publications
(28 citation statements)
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“…Asthma is a chronic disease characterized by airway in ammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. Physiological damage caused by oxidative stress through reactive oxygen species (ROS) attack plays an important role in chronic in ammation of asthma (20). ROS increases the vagal tone by decreasing βadrenaline function, resulting in airway hyperresponsiveness (21).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Asthma is a chronic disease characterized by airway in ammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. Physiological damage caused by oxidative stress through reactive oxygen species (ROS) attack plays an important role in chronic in ammation of asthma (20). ROS increases the vagal tone by decreasing βadrenaline function, resulting in airway hyperresponsiveness (21).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Despite the direct and continuous exposure to high concentrations of oxygen and environmental pollutants such as O 3 , NO 2 and cigarette smoke, the functions and structures of the respiratory system are robustly maintained via the tight regulation of ROS levels by antioxidant systems [ 3 , 6 , 11 ]. In addition to exogenous ROS, ROS are endogenously generated by biological processes such as aerobic metabolism in the mitochondria [ 13 , 14 ].…”
Section: Redox Regulation In the Mammalian Respiratory Systemmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There are two types of antioxidant defense systems, enzymatic and nonenzymatic. Enzymatic antioxidants include superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), peroxiredoxins (PRX) and thioredoxin (TRX) [ 3 , 6 , 30 ]. First, SODs such as SOD3, which is highly expressed in type 2 alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells in the lungs, catalyze the conversion of superoxide radicals to H 2 O 2 [ 23 ].…”
Section: Redox Regulation In the Mammalian Respiratory Systemmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Inside the immune cells, the generation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the respiratory burst process serves as the primary mechanism against microbial infections (2)(3)(4). The ROS produced within the phagosome damage key cellular components, such as nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins, inducing programmed cell death (2,(5)(6)(7). Therefore, an effective ROS detoxification system plays a key role in the survival of the pathogenic fungi in such adverse environments.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%