Cinematic rendering for three-dimensional reconstructions of the chest wall: a new reality

Abstract

Computed tomography with multiple detectors and the advancement of processors improved rendered images and three-dimensional reconstructions in clinical practice. Traditional axial slices form non-intuitive images because they are seen in only one plane. The three-dimensional reconstructions can show structures details and diseases with complex anatomy in different perspectives. Cinematic rendering is a newly three-dimensional reconstruction technique, already approved for clinical use, which can produce realistic images from traditional computed tomography data. The algorithm used is based on light trajectory methods and the global lighting model, which simulate thousands of images from all possible directions. Thus, the technique shapes the physical propagation of light and generates a realistic three-dimensional image with depth, shadows and more anatomic details. It is a multidimensional rendering acquired through complex lighting effects. The aim of this article was to show the advance of three-dimensional technology with the cinematic rendering in images exams of the thoracic wall.

Cinematic rendering of paediatric musculoskeletal pathologies: initial experiences with CT

“…In the adult literature, CR has been used to provide realistic 3-D reconstructions for the assessment of other tumours (e.g. pelvic tumours 42 and chest wall tumours 43 ), although it is yet unclear whether their use has helped to improve patient outcomes in the same way that has been reported when using 3-D printed models. For example, when 3-D printed models of osteosarcomas in adolescents were used, it was found that there was a reduction in volume of blood loss, operative time and intra-operative radiation dose 44 during surgery.…”

Virtual or real: lifelike cinematic rendering of adrenal tumors

“…Compared to traditional two-dimensional multiplane recombination (MPR) images, the three-dimensional volume rendering (VR) technique adopts more complex algorithms based on the principle of ray casting and local illumination and introduces colors to show different anatomical structures of a body part. It allows analysis of structures in different CT value units, highlighting the tissue type, density, location, and surrounding relationships, improving the 3D visualization of tumors, blood vessels, and anatomical details (6,7). Over the past decade, 3D VR technology has been widely used in diagnosing and preoperative planning of various clinical diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, and has shown excellent application value.…”