Effect of dietary protein level on growth performance, indicators of enteric health, and gastrointestinal microbial ecology of weaned pigs induced with postweaning colibacillosis1,2

Opapeju, F. O.; Krause, Denis O.; Payne, R. L.; Rademacher, M.; Nyachoti, C. M.

doi:10.2527/jas.2008-1310

Cited by 101 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In contrast, in studies with weaned piglets experimentally infected with pathogens, dietary CP supply had more pronounced effects on the composition of the intestinal microbiota. For example, in a study by Opapeju et al (2009), newly weaned piglets were fed corn-SBMfish meal diets, containing either 225 or 176 g/kg CP. They were supplemented with crystalline AA to meet the animals' AA requirement.…”

Section: Protein Fermentation In Pigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ETEC), which preferentially ferment protein. As a result, there is a shift in intestinal microbial composition toward higher counts of beneficial bacteria, which preferentially ferment carbohydrates (Opapeju et al, 2009). In addition, in another challenge study with newly weaned piglets, which were orally infected with ETEC, a reduction of dietary protein content from 230 to 130 g/kg in SBM-based or dried skimmed milk powder-based diets was associated with lower fecal excretion of ETEC (Wellock et al, 2008a and2008b).…”

Section: Protein Fermentation In Pigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Impact of dietary protein on microbiota composition and activity in the gastrointestinal tract of piglets in relation to gut health: a review

Rist

Weiss

Eklund

et al. 2013

Animal

213

186

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In pigs, the microbial ecosystem of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is influenced by various factors; however, variations in diet composition have been identified as one of the most important determinants. Marked changes in fermentation activities and microbial ecology may occur when altering the diet, for example, from milk to solid feed during weaning. In that way, access of pathogens to the disturbed ecosystem is alleviated, leading to infectious diseases and diarrhea. Thus, there is increasing interest in improving intestinal health by use of dietary ingredients suitable to beneficially affect the microbial composition and activity. For example, fermentable carbohydrates have been shown to promote growth of beneficial Lactobacillus species and bifidobacteria, thereby enhancing colonization resistance against potential pathogens or production of short-chain fatty acids, which can be used as energy source for epithelial cells. On the other hand, fermentation of protein results in the production of various potentially toxic products, such as amines and NH3, and is often associated with growth of potential pathogens. In that way, excessive protein intake has been shown to stimulate the growth of potentially pathogenic species such as Clostridium perfringens, and to reduce fecal counts of beneficial bifidobacteria. Therefore, it seems to be a promising approach to support growth and metabolic activity of the beneficial microbiota by developing suitable feeding strategies. For example, a reduction of dietary CP content and, at the same time, dietary supplementation with fermentable carbohydrates have proven to successfully suppress protein fermentation. In addition, the intestinal microbiota seems to be sensible to variations in dietary protein source, such as the use of highly digestible protein sources may reduce growth of protein-fermenting and potentially pathogenic species. The objective of the present review is to assess the impact of dietary protein on microbiota composition and activity in the GIT of piglets. Attention will be given to studies designed to determine the effect of variations in total protein supply, protein source and supplementation of fermentable carbohydrates to the diet on composition and metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota.

show abstract

Section: Protein Fermentation In Pigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Protein Fermentation In Pigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of dietary protein on microbiota composition and activity in the gastrointestinal tract of piglets in relation to gut health: a review

Rist

Weiss

Eklund

et al. 2013

Animal

213

186

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…glutamate, aspartate, glutamine and proline) in the diet are utilized by the small intestine during the first pass metabolism (Wu, 1998), therefore, the lower DAA resulting from the low-CP diet may be responsible for the changed intestinal innate immunity. In addition, low-CP diet, supplemented with IAA, has been shown to alter intestinal bacterial community (Opapeju et al, 2009), which could be a factor to sensitize the intestinal immune system.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of low-protein diets supplemented with indispensable amino acids on growth performance, intestinal morphology and immunological parameters in 13 to 35 kg pigs

Xie

Liu

et al. 2016

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of this study was to determine if a moderate or high reduction of dietary CP, supplemented with indispensable amino acids (IAA), would affect growth, intestinal morphology and immunological parameters of pigs. A total of 40 barrows (initial BW = 13.50 ± 0.50 kg, 45 ± 2 day of age) were used in a completely randomized block design, and allocated to four dietary treatments containing CP levels at 20.00%, 17.16%, 15.30% and 13.90%, respectively. Industrial AA were added to meet the IAA requirements of pigs. After 4-week feeding, blood and tissue samples were obtained from pigs. The results showed that reducing dietary CP level decreased average daily gain, plasma urea nitrogen concentration and relative organ weights of liver and pancreas ( P < 0.01), and increased feed conversion ratio ( P < 0.01). Pigs fed the 13.90% CP diet had significantly lower growth performance than that of pigs fed higher CP at 20.00%, 17.16% or 15.30%. Moreover, reducing dietary CP level decreased villous height in duodenum ( P < 0.01) and crypt depth in duodenum, jejunum and ileum ( P < 0.01). The reduction in the dietary CP level increased plasma concentrations of methionine, alanine ( P < 0.01) and lysine ( P < 0.05), and decreased arginine ( P < 0.05). Intriguingly, reducing dietary CP level from 20.00% to 13.90% resulted in a significant decrease in plasma concentration of IgG ( P < 0.05), percentage of CD3 + T cells of the peripheral blood ( P < 0.01), also down-regulated the mRNA abundance of innate immunity-related genes on toll-like receptor 4, myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( P < 0.01) and nuclear factor kappa B ( P < 0.05) in the ileum. These results indicate that reducing dietary CP level from 20.00% to 15.30%, supplemented with IAA, had no significant effect on growth performance and had a limited effect on immunological parameters. However, a further reduction of dietary CP level up to 13.90% would lead to poor growth performance and organ development, associated with the modifications of intestinal morphology and immune function.

show abstract

“…For example, protein level and quality in pig diets have been shown to be related to diarrhoea and shedding of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli after a challenge (5,6) . A promising approach to reduce the formation of harmful metabolites from protein fermentation in the large intestine is the inclusion of fermentable carbohydrates in the diet (4,7,8) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Down-regulation of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) gene expression in the colon of piglets is linked to bacterial protein fermentation and pro-inflammatory cytokine-mediated signalling

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present study investigated the influence of bacterial metabolites on monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) expression in pigs using in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro approaches. Piglets (n 24) were fed high-protein (26 %) or low-protein (18 %) diets with or without fermentable carbohydrates. Colonic digesta samples were analysed for a broad range of bacterial metabolites. The expression of MCT1, TNF-a, interferon g (IFN-g) and IL-8 was determined in colonic tissue. The expression of MCT1 was lower and of TNF-a and IL-8 was higher with high-protein diets (P, 0·05). MCT1 expression was positively correlated with L-lactate, whereas negatively correlated with NH 3 and putrescine (P,0·05). The expression of IL-8 and TNF-a was negatively correlated with L-lactate and positively correlated with NH 3 and putrescine, whereas the expression of IFN-g was positively correlated with histamine and 4-ethylphenol (P,0·05). Subsequently, porcine colonic tissue and Caco-2 cells were incubated with Na-butyrate, NH 4 Cl or TNF-a as selected bacterial metabolites or mediators of inflammation. Colonic MCT1 expression was higher after incubation with Na-butyrate (P,0·05) and lower after incubation with NH 4 Cl or TNF-a (P,0·05). Incubation of Caco-2 cells with increasing concentrations of these metabolites confirmed the up-regulation of MCT1 expression by Na-butyrate (linear, P, 0·05) and down-regulation by TNF-a and NH 4 Cl (linear, P,0·05). The high-protein diet decreased the expression of MCT1 in the colon of pigs, which appears to be linked to NH 3 -and TNF-a-mediated signalling.

show abstract

Effect of dietary protein level on growth performance, indicators of enteric health, and gastrointestinal microbial ecology of weaned pigs induced with postweaning colibacillosis1,2

Cited by 101 publications

References 27 publications

Impact of dietary protein on microbiota composition and activity in the gastrointestinal tract of piglets in relation to gut health: a review

Impact of dietary protein on microbiota composition and activity in the gastrointestinal tract of piglets in relation to gut health: a review

Effects of low-protein diets supplemented with indispensable amino acids on growth performance, intestinal morphology and immunological parameters in 13 to 35 kg pigs

Down-regulation of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) gene expression in the colon of piglets is linked to bacterial protein fermentation and pro-inflammatory cytokine-mediated signalling

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About