Evaluation of Benzene Derivatives Migration from Solid Residuals by Alternative Leaching Process Using HS‑SPME GC‑MS

Abstract

Solid residues generated by the petroleum industry are often classified as hazardous, in part due to the lack of adequate analytical methods for their characterization, given their gluey and highly viscous nature. In this study, an alternative to the method described by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) method 1311, replacing the zero headspace extraction (ZHE) approach with solid-phase microextraction followed by analysis via gas chromatographymass spectrometry was developed, for the determination of aromatic chlorinated and nonchlorinated volatile organic compounds. The method was validated according to national and international regulations, with a working range of 2.00 to 90.00 μg L -1 and limit of detection varying from 0.12 to 0.41 μg L -1 . Spiked matrices were analyzed and recovery values ranged from 79.7 to 98.4%. The analysis of real samples revealed levels below limit of quantification for chlorobenzene derivatives (2.00 μg L -1 ) and for the non-chlorinated aromatic compounds < 19.85 μg L -1, proving to be a viable alternative to overcome the difficulties encountered with filtration techniques.

Polydimethylsiloxane/ionic liquid sponge used in headspace solid‐phase extraction coupled with GC–MS for rapid analysis of essential oil in lavender

“…But the SPME fibers are considered to be fragile and have a limited lifetime, limiting the application of this technique (Nie, Teng, Li, Liu, & Lee, 2016; Pena‐Pereira, Marcinkowski, Kloskowski, & Namiesnik, 2015). However, the HS mode that prevents the interference of complicated matrices is especially advantageous for the extraction of volatile organic compounds from complex plant samples (Dognini & Madureira, 2018).…”