Full Factorial Experimental Design for Carbamazepine Removal Using Electrochemical Process: a Case Study of Scheming the Pathway Degradation

Abstract

Carbamazepine is an antiepileptic drug which is considered one of the persistent compounds detected in Malaysian aquatic environment. In this present study, a full factorial experimental design was applied for the analysis of effect NaCl amount, initial concentration of carbamazepine, applied voltage and treatment time on the electrochemical removal percentage of carbamazepine. However, applied voltage was found as the most significant factor with p = 0.00 lower than 95% confidence level. The investigation of effect NaCl and Na 2 SO 4 on the pathway degradation for carbamazepine was provided using liquid chromatography-time of flight/mass spectrometry (LC-TOF/MS). The results showed that new by-products were identified such chloro-epoxy carbamazepine, and other by-products, were detected in the presence of NaCl and Na 2 SO 4 electrolytes. High inhibition percentage of Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria was observed at 24.0 h incubation time for both NaCl and Na 2 SO 4 electrolytes after 80 and 20 min of treatment, respectively.

Elucidation the by-products and toxicity assessment the treated solution of "10, 11 dihydro2 10 hydroxy carbamazepine" after electrochemical degradation process.

“…However, it was reported that drugs electrochemical degradation has been reduced with increasing the initial concentration of selected compound (Al-Qaim et al 2018b;Mussa et al 2018).…”